BRANNER: THE STONE REEFS OF BRAZIL. 11 
In 1886 Cope described vertebrate fossils from Bahia, One of these 
— fish, Diplomystus — had not hitherto been known below the Green 
River Eocene of North America, but has since been found in the Creta- 
ceous of Lebanon, Syria, and now living in the rivers of Chili and in 
New Zealand. A mammal, Toxodon expansidens, from the northeastern 
part of the State of Bahia, is set down by him without question as of 
Pliocene age, but this without doubt comes from beds other than those 
referred to the Cretaceous. 
In 1887 Dr. C. A. White's great work on Brazilian fossils was pub- 
lished.? The Bahia basin is there set down as Jretaceous. In review- 
ing the palaeontologic evidence bearing upon this subject, Dr. White 
says that only eleven species of mollusks are known from the Bahia 
beds, and he makes this important observation (page 233): “АЙ the 
types which this fauna embraces, so far as they are determinable, are 
represented among mollusks now living.” 
In 1888 Dr. A. Smith Woodward published notes on fossils from 
these beds? in which he mentions the occurrence of Diplomystus longi- 
costatus Cope ; Chiromystus mawsoni Cope; Lepidotus mawsoni Wood- 
ward ; Acrodus nitidus Woodward, 
In 1891 Dr. Woodward published evidence * of the occurrence of 
Pterosaurians and Plesiosaurians in the Bahia beds. In 1895 he de- 
Scribed two species of Diplomystus from the same basin ; 5 in 1896 he 
described from there a Pterodactyle bone, and in 1902 he described 
Megalurus mawsoni from the Bahia beds.” 
Of these vertebrate fossils reported by Dr. Woodward, the Pterosau- 
rians suggest that the beds are either J urassic or Cretaceous ; the Plesio- 
saurians suggest that they are Jurassic ; the Diplomystus suggests that 
they may be anywhere from Cretaceous to recent ; the Pterodactyle 
Suggest that they are certainly Cretaceous or older ; 
that they are Upper Jurassic. 
Conclusion regarding the Bahia beds, — The papers by Dr. Woodward 
afford the latest and by far the most conclusive palaeont 
and the Megalurus 
ologic evidence 
Г E. D. Cope, A contribution to the vertebr 
Amer. Phil. Soc., 1886, XXIII, р. 1-21. 
2 Contribuições & Paleontologia do Brazil. Archivos do Museu Nacional, VII. 
Rio de Janeiro, 1887. 
3 A. Smith Woodward, Notes on some vertebrate fossils from the province of 
Bahia, collected by Joseph Mawson. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, IL, p. 182-186. 
London, 1888, 
4 Ann. Мар, Nat. Hist. ser. 6, VIII, p. 814-817. 5 Op. olk, вет. 6, XV., р. 1-8. 
° Op. cit, ser, 6, XVII, p. 256-257. 7 Ор. cit., ser. 7,1X, p. 87-89. 
ate paleontology of Brazil. Proc. 
