BRANNER: THE STONE REEFS OF BRAZIL. 215 
oder Beschreibung des Welt-teils Amerik und des Sud-Landes, etc. Durch 
Dr. 0. D. Zu Amsterdam. Bey Jacob von Meurs, 1673. 
Mention is made of the reefs at many places along the coast. Oppo- 
site page 542 is a copper-plate giving a view of the Pernambuco stone 
reef from the south end. This plate is probably from the first edition 
of Barleeus, however, and the drawing was probably made by the Dutch 
artist Francis Post between 1630 and 1654. A part of the same view, 
somewhat modified, is reproduced in Varnhagen’s Historia Geral do 
Brazil, 2d ed., I, p. 504. 
Moreav, Pierre. Histoire des derniers trovbles dv Brésil entre les Hol- 
landois et les Portvgais. Paris, 1651. (Description du recif.) 
* Tt is to be observed that Brazil from one end to the other, said to be 
a distance of a thousand and fifty leagues, is bordered its whole length 
by a large long flat rock usually from ten to twenty paces wide, in the 
sea and a gun shot, more or less, from the shore, as high as a pike or 
more, uncovered when the tide is out but not otherwise because it is all 
covered.” This work has a rather fantastic sketch, map, or diagram of 
the reef and of the region between Olinda and Affogados (р. 3). 
Mouchez, Ernest. Les cótes du Brösil, description et instructions nau- 
tiques, Premiere section: du Cap Saint Roque a Bahia, Paris, 
1874. 
This author says (p. 15, also p. 23) of the coast between Cape St. 
Roque and Rio Sao Francisco, that “a coral reef borders all the coast 
from one to two miles out,” and that south of the Sáo Francisco, “ the 
reef ceases where sand dunes begin.” The reef is said (р. 23) not to 
be higher than high tide, and that it “is sometimes of groups of corals 
more or less distant from each other, as at Cape St. Roque, and at other 
times it forms a veritable wall parallel with the shore, as at Pernambuco.” 
Reefs are spoken of at many of the various points at which they are 
known to occur, but no mention is made of stone reefs as such. 
Nieuhof, Johan. Gedenkweerdige Brasiliaense Zee-en Lant-Reize. Am- 
sterdam, 1682. 
This author derives Pernambuco from Inferno en bokko, which he un- 
derstands to mean the “mouth of hell,” on account of the rocks about 
the harbor’s mouth (р. 13). Upon this explanation of the word Per- 
nambuco, see foot-note under “Rolt.” This is not properly rendered 
in his English edition. 
On page 15 he gives the description quoted under the next title. 
