224 BULLETIN : MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOÖLOGY. 
l. The geology and configuration present no evidence whatsoever 
whereby past land connections can be established between these islands 
and the North and South American lands in Post-Jurassie time, espe- 
cially in the Tertiary, Pleistocene, or recent epochs, 
2. The configuration and conditiors of these islands in Pre-Jurassic 
time cannot even be surmised. 
3. There are some hypothetical and biologic reasons for believing 
that the outer rim of the American Mediterranean constituted a partial 
or complete bridge between the continents in Jurassic time, and that 
the Panama bridge did not then exist. 
4. The first definite evidence of Antillean lands is found in the 
eruptive rocks of late Cretaceous time, when it is probable that there 
were marine volcanoes, 
5. The land débris constituting the Eocene strata throughout the 
islands testifies the pre-existence of extensive Cretaceous land areas. 
6. There was a profound regional subsidence in late Eocene and 
early Oligocene time, which submerged all but the highest tips of 
the Antilles, and which extended to the margins of the surrounding 
continents. 
7. In late Oligocene or Miocene time there was a tremendous oro- 
genic movement which resulted in uplift, whereby many of the islands 
were connected with each other, and possibly an insular southern por- 
tion of Florida, but not establishing land connection with the North and 
South American continents. 
8 In Miocene or early Pliocene time the islands were severed by 
submergence into their present outlines and membership, which they 
have since retained with only secondary modification. 
9. In Pliocene and Pleistocene time there have been intermittent 
periods of elevation without serious deformation, but not sufficient to 
establish land connections or to restore the islands to the heights and 
areas of Mid-Tertiary time. The Pleistocene movements, while epeiro- 
genic, were sufficiently differential to show that they were not uniform 
in all parts of the area, showing great differences in amplitude within 
the West Indian area, and were not harmonious with those of the 
North American coastal plain. 
10. The irregularities of the submerged configuration of the West 
Indian region are orogenie, and not due to submerged continental 
drainage systems. 
11, The elevated coral reefs of the West Indies were formed on 
rising lands. 
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