BETWEEN INDIANA HILL AND QUAKER HILL. 



419 



The bed-rock at Plug Ugly Hill stands at a considerably higher level than that at Thompson 

 Hill, on the opposite side of Dutch Flat Canon, or that at Eastman Hill, on the. same side of the 

 canon. The general surface of the Plug Ugly Hill bed-rock slopes off rapidly to the south or south- 

 west, but at its northerly end it is over 300 feet above the level of Eastman Hill. The relations 

 of these hills to each other are shown in the accompanying diagram-section (Plate P, Fig. 1). Plug 

 Ugly Hill, therefore, cannot be considered as lying in the course of the old deep channel. Its bed- 

 rock, indeed, presents neither a trough-like channel nor any very even surface. At the northern end 

 of the hill the highest bed-rock is on the western side of the centre of the gravel deposit, with at first 

 a gradual and then a steep pitch toward Dutch Flat and Squire's Canon. At the southern end the 

 transverse slope is in the opposite direction, the point of highest altitude being on the eastern side 

 overlooking Squire's Canon. The foil to the west within the limits of the gravel is as much as 

 fifty feet. It will be seen from this description that the crest of the bed-rock ridge, under- 

 lying the gravel, runs obliquely to the direction which the gravel seemed to follow before it was 



washed away. 



The mining operations at You Bet since the year 1870 have thrown but little new light upon 



the difficulties which beset the problem of determining the position of any ancient channel between 

 the outlets on the Steep Hollow side of the ridge and the mines at Ped Dog. The principal diffi- 

 culties have been already stated,* the chief among them being the lack of grade. A recent spirit- 

 level survey by Mr. Uren corroborates entirely the conclusions drawn from our former series of 

 barometric 'measurements. Mr. Uren selected for his starting point the exposed bed-rock at Brown's 

 claim, near the drain tunnel on Wilcox's Ravine, about 150 feet from the old incline, which has 

 been allowed to cave in, and for his terminal point the bed-rock at the Red Dog mines. These two 

 points have precisely the same level. The bed-rock at Brown's claim, according to Mr. Uren's 

 surveys, was only four feet above that at Niece and West's ground, the level of which the baro- 

 metric measurements made to be the same as that at Ped Dog.t 



On the west rim of the deposit, near the former site of You Bet, considerable bed-rock has been 

 recently uncovered, which is seen to have a remarkably steep pitch to the east, disappearing under 

 the gravel which still remains. I examined the locality with considerable care, but could find no 

 evidence of a fault. Both the rock and the adjacent gravel are badly disturbed and broken up, 

 though not more so than might be expected as the result of surface-slides at the time of or since the 



washing away of the main mass of gravel. 



The course of the deep channel between Red Dog and Quaker Hill must be looked for in the 

 direction of Hunt's Hill. Unfortunately, at my second visit as well as at my first in 1870, the 

 conditions were unfavorable for getting precise and accurate information. While my barometric 

 observations I am confident can be trusted within narrow limits of error, yet they could not be 

 checked in such a way as to determine satisfactorily such slight differences of altitude as prevail in 

 this neighborhood. At Hunt's Hill I made the altitude of the bed-rock in the Camden claim to 

 be 2,620 feet, or live feet lower than at Red Dog. Above Hunt's Hill the bed-rock has either 

 never been uncovered or it is now so deeply covered with tailings as to be inaccessible. At Quaker 

 Hill a deep shaft lias recently been sunk through the gravel to bed rock. My observations were taken 

 at the mouth of a new shaft, near the deep one just mentioned, and consequently at a, known dis- 

 tance above bed-rock, and at a distance of about a mile and a half above the Camden claim. The 

 closest approximation that I can give for the altitude of bed-rock at this point is 2,650 feet. To 

 settle the question of bed-rock grade in this vicinity careful spirit-level surveys ought to be made, 

 Certain it is that the low bed-rock under the gravel between Quaker Hill and Indiana. Hill, a dis- 

 tance of about eight miles in a straight line, shows remarkable anomalies of position. These appear 

 in a, striking manner when presented in tabular form. The altitudes of deep bed-rock are as 

 follows : — 



* See ante, pp. 164-174. 



t There is probably good reason for rejecting the value, enclosed in brackets, given on page 171, as the 



altitude of Brown's bed-rock. 



1 



