158 OBSERVATIONS ON EGYPTIAN ETHNOGRAPHY, 
4. The Austral-Egyptian or Merdite communities were an Indo-Arabian stock en- 
grafted on the primitive Libyan inhabitants. 
5. Besides these exotic sources of population, the Egyptian race was at different pe- 
riods modified by the influx of the Caucasian nations of Asia and Hurope,—Pelasgi, or 
Hellenes, Scythians and Phenicians. 
6. Kings of Egypt appear to have been incidentally derived from each of the above 
nations. 
7. The Copts, in part at least, are a mixture of the Caucasian and the Negro in 
extremely variable proportions. 
8. Negroes were numerous in Egypt, but their social position in ancient times was the 
same that it now is, that of servants and slaves. 
9. The national characteristics of all these families of Man are distinctly figured on 
the monuments; and all of them, excepting the Scythians and Phenicians, have been 
identified in the catacombs. 
10. The present Fellahs are the lineal and least mixed descendants of the ancient 
Egyptians; and the latter are collaterally represented by the Tuaricks, Kabyles, Siwahs, 
and other remains of the Libyan family of nations. 
11. The modern Nubians, with a few exceptions, are not the descendants of the monu- 
mental Ethiopians, but a variously mixed race of Arabs and Negroes. 
12. Whatever may have been the size of the cartilaginous portion of the ear, the 
osseous structure conforms in every instance to the usual relative position. 
13. The Teeth, differ in nothing from those of other Caucasian nations. 
14. The Hair of the Egyptians resembled, in texture, that of the fairest Kuropeans 
of the present day. 
15. The physical or organic characters which distinguish the several races of men, are 
as old as the oldest records of our species. 
Norr.—I have taken frequent occasion to quote ‘the ‘opinions of the late Professor Blumenbach, of Gottingen, whose 
name is inseparably connected with the science of Ethnography; but I have to regret that up to the present time J have 
not been able to procure either in this country or from Europe, the last two memoirs which embrace his views on Egyptian 
subjects, and especially the work entitled, “Specimen historia naturalis antique artis operibus illustrate.” His views, 
however, as previously given to the world, have been repeatedly adverted to in these pages; and his matured and latest ob- 
servations, as quoted by Dr. Wiseman, appear to have confirmed his original sentiments. ‘In 1808,” says Dr. Wiseman, “he 
more clearly expressed his opinion that the monuments prove the existence of three distinct forms or physiognomies among 
the ancientinhabitants of Egypt. Three years later he entered more fully into this inquiry, and gave the monuments, which 
he thought bore him outin this hypothesis. The first of these forms he considers to approach to the Negro model, the second 
to the Hindoo, the third to the Berber, or ordinary Egyptian head. (Betrége zur Naturgeschichte, 2 ter Th. 1811.) But 
I think an unprejudiced observer will not easily follow him so far. The first head has nothing in common with the Black 
race, but is only a coarser representation of the Egyptian type; the second is only its mythological or ideal purification.” 
Lectures on the Connexion between Science and Revealed Religion, 2d edit. p. 100. 
I thus place side by side the opinions of these learned men. With respect to Professor Blumenbach, I may add that when 
he wrote on Egyptian ethnography there were no fac simile copies of the monuments, such as have since been given to the 
world by the French and Tuscan Commissions ; and again, that learned author had not access to a sufficient number of 
embalmed heads to enable him to compare these with the monumental effigies. With these lights he would at once have 
detected an all-pervading physiognomy which is peculiarly and essentially Vicyerian; and in respect to which all the other 
forms,—Pelasgic, Semitic, Hindu and Negro are incidental and subordinate; sometimes, it is true, represented with the 
attributes of royalty, but for the most part depicted as foreigners, enemies and bondsmen. 
