296 BULLETIN: MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 
The dredge brought up very calcareous sands from the shallow waters 
between the Itamaracä reefs and the island. 
South of the island of Itamaracá there are two reefs, — one on either 
side of the Barra de Maria Farinha, The one between this channel and 
the land I saw many years ago, and my recollection of it is that it is a 
stone reef. I cannot speak positively, however, as the notes then taken 
are not now in my possession, and at the time of my last visit the water 
was too high to permit a re-examination. The reef east of the Barra до 
Maria Farinha is of coral. It has a length of nearly four kilometres. 
The Maria Farinha reef is separated from one just south of it by the 
Barra de Sáo José. This last reef has a length of five kilometres, its 
southern end being near the shore at the old fort Pau Amarello. The 
Barra do Pau Amarello separates this reef from another shorter coral 
reef that runs as far south as Quadras. 
These three reefs, Maria Farinha, Pau Amarello, and Quadras, overlap 
each other somewhat, their northern ends all lying east of the reefs just 
north of them. They are from one to two kilometres out from the 
beach, 
The near-shore reef south of the mouth of Rio Doce is of sandstone, 
and is described on page 59 of this report. 
Off the lighthouse at Olinda are some reefs uncovered at the lowest 
tides, but they are small and ragged. Ihave not been on them. They 
are generally supposed to be of coral, but the existence on shore of the 
Tertiary rocks leads me to suspect that they may be the hard parts of 
sedimentary rocks. 
The coral reefs from Pernambuco to Santo Aleixo. — At and south 
of Pernambuco the reefs are of sandstone as far as Boa Viagem. No 
coral reef is visible outside of the sandstone reef along this distance, but 
about Boa Viagem the sands of the beach are very calcareous. 
The first considerable coral reef south of Pernambuco is at Candeias. 
At the point of land near Candeias church the coral reef is one kilometre 
off shore. Its northern end is opposite Venda Grande, and its southern 
end is nearly opposite the Barra das Jangadas, giving it a length of 
nearly three kilometres. Corals grow abundantly on the landward side 
of the reef, especially through the openings or breaks in it. 
The collection of corals made by the Commissão Geologica do Brazil 
in 1875 and afterwards deposited in the Museu Nacional at Rio de 
Janeiro was made partly on the Candeias reef. 
At the Pedras Pretas north of Cape Santo Agostinho there are many 
patches of coral reefs growing upon the trachyte that forms most of the 
