June 3. 1909] 



NA TUR^ 



399 



intt-rmediate between Eqiius stcnoiiis, Cocchi, and the 

 Taubach form, and Elephas antiquus. 



A full description of the site and of the manner 

 in which the discovery was made, with a careful 

 compilation of the animals the remains of which have 

 been found in the deposit, constitute the first 

 portion of the book. Two other parts are concerned 

 ■v\ith the remains themselves, viz. with the jaw and 

 with the teeth. The latter are typically human, and 

 permit of no doubt as to the mandible being tffat of 

 a man. The canines are not unduly prominent, while 

 the dimensions of the teeth are within the variation 

 limits of living man. The most striking features of 

 the jaw, which, it may be said, was divided into two 

 parts by the spade of a workman, are the absence 

 of a chin, the thickness of the body, the width of 



SsiiSXtSA-.... 



Fig. 3. — Positit 



.vhich the mandible 



the ascending ramus, and the low level of the coronoid 

 process. Correlated with the absence of a chin is 

 a well-marked incisura submentalis, the lower border 

 of the symphysis being 50 mm. above that of the 

 lateral portion of the body. The sulcus supramar- 

 ginalis, interdigastric spine, trigonum postmolare, and 

 prEBCoronoid fossa recognised by Klaatsch in Australian 

 mandibles are also apparent in the specimen. A small 

 tubercle lies immediately below the mental foramen ; 

 a similar excrescence has been noted by Gorjanovic- 

 Kramberger in the jaw fragment Krapina H and by 

 Klaatsch in recent Australians. The geniohyoglossus 

 muscle arose from a groove, the genio-hyoid from a 

 rounded prominence. 



The width of the ascending ramus is 60 mm. The 

 coronoid process is blunt and rounded. The condyloid 



NO. 2066, VOL. 80] 



process is chiefly remarkable for the large size of its 

 articular facet. 



The lower border of the mandible passes backwards 

 and only slightly outwards from the symphysis to 

 the junction of body and ramus, where it suddenly 

 takes a more outward curve. The border thus has 

 a contour not unlike that of a trefoil window. 



Comparisons are made between the Heidelberg jaw, 

 those of Spy and Krapina, and, in addition, those of 

 recent .\ustralians and Negroes. The author concludes 

 that the Heidelberg specimen surpasses all in its com- 

 bination of primitive characters, that it is a general- 

 ised type from which all jaw-s, ancient and recent, can 

 be readily derived, that the Spy mandibles resemble it 

 most, the Krapina examples exhibiting marked but 

 mere individual variations. 



.\s to the teeth, all the molars are 



quinquicuspid ; the second molars are 

 the largest ; the first and third molars 

 are of equal size. Certain teeth were 

 fractured by the spade, the pulp cavity 

 being laid open. It was possible to 

 measure the diameters of the pulp 

 cavity and the thickness of the wall 

 in the case of the premolars and first 

 I wo molars of the left side; these 

 measurements were considerably in 

 excess of those which obtain in recent 

 Europeans. The jaw was, further, 

 Rontgen-rayed, little additional in- 

 formation being, however, supplied. 



The figures, which are mainly 

 photographs, number forty-eight, and 

 are disposed on thirteen plates. They 

 leave nothing to be desired. 



The whole volume reflects the 

 greatest credit on Dr. Otto Schoeten- 

 sack. Anthropologists are to be con- 

 gratulated that the work of describing 

 what there is every reason for think- 

 ing are the oldest remains of man fell 

 into such capable hands. 



William Wright. 



.1 GREAT ENDOWMEXT AXD 



ITS INFLUENCE.' 

 T T was in April, 1905, that Mr. 

 ■'■ Carnegie added to his many 

 benefactions in the interest of educa- 

 tion by handing over to a board of 

 trustees of his own selection a sum 

 of 2,000,000/., the revenue of which 

 was to provide pensions for the 

 teachers of universities, colleges, and 

 technical schools in the United States, 

 Canada, and Newfoundland. The 

 ;idelberg. trustees Were nearly all presidents of 



universities or colleges — the few 

 others being men of conspicuous eminence in business 

 and finance. In 1906 the trust was incorporated by 

 charter under the title of the Carnegie Foundation 

 for the Advancement of Teaching. In his deed of gift 

 the donor stated that the fund was to be applied 

 without regard to race, sex, creed, or colour. He 

 did not " presume to include," among the institutions 

 which were to benefit. State-supported universities or 

 colleges on the ground that " they might prefer that 

 their relations should remain exclusively with the 

 State." In response, however, to the desire of the 

 professors in State universities, expressed through 

 their National .Association, Mr. Carnegie in March, 

 1908, increased his original gift by 1,000,000/. in 



1 The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. Third 

 Annual Report of the President and Treasurer, October, 1908, 



