FREFATORY REMARKS. 



XV 



Extract from treaty, dated Guadalupe Hidalgo, February 2, 18i8. 



AllTICLE V.' 



The boundary line "between the two repuLlics shall commence in the Gulf of Mexico, three leagues from land, opposite 

 the mouth of the Eio Grande, otherwise called Rio Bravo del Norte, or opposite the mouth of its deepest branch, if it should 



, followiiic: the deepest 



channel, where it has more than one, to the point where it strikes the southern boundary of New Mezico ; thence, wcbt- 

 wardly, along the whole southern boundary of New Mexico (which runs north of the town called Pam) to itstrestern termi- 

 nation ; thence, northward, along the western line of New Mexico, until it intersects the first brauch of the river Gila ; 

 (or if it should not intersect any branch of that river, then to the point on the said line nearest to such brauch, and thence 

 in a direct line to the same ;) thence down the middle of the said branch and of the said river, until it empties into the 

 Kio Colorado ; thence across the Eio Colorado, following the division line between Upper and Ix)wer California, to the 

 Pacific ocean. 



The southern and western limits of New Mexico, mentioned in this article, are those hiid down in the map entitled 



* * Map of the United Mmcaii States^ as organized and defined hy variom acts of the Oo7igreA& qf said repnhlie, and ronstrvrtrd according to th4 

 best authorities. Revised edition, ruhlished at New York, in 1847, by J, Didurncll.^' Of which map a copy Is added to this treaty, 

 bearing the. signatures and seals of the undersigned plenipotentiaries. And, in order to preclude all difficulty in tracing 

 upon the ground the limit separating Upper from Lower California, it is agreed that the said limit Flmll consist of a straight 

 line drawn from the middle of the Eio Gila, w^here it unites with the Colorado, to a point on the coast of the Pacific ocenn 



distant one marine league due south of the southernmost point of the port of San Diego, according to the plan of &iid port 

 made in the year 1782 by Don Juan Pantoja, second sailingmastcr of the Spanish fleet, and published at Madrid in the year 

 1802, in the Atlas to the voyage of the schooners Sutil and Mexicana^ of which plan a copy is hereunto added, signed and 

 sealed by the respective plenipotentiaries. 



In order to designate the boundary line with due precision, upon authoritative maps, and to establish upon the ground 

 landmarks which shall show the limits of both republics, as described in the present article, the two governments shall 



I 



each appoint a commissioner and a surveyor, who, before the expiration of one year from the date of the exchange of 

 ratifications of this treaty, shall meet at the port of San Diego, and proceed to run and mark the said boumlary in its 



•^s^hole course to the mouth of the Eio Bravo del Norte. They shall keep journals and make out plans of their operations ; 

 and the result agreed upon by them shall be deemed a part of this treaty, and shall have the same force as if it were 

 inserted therein, llie two governments will amicably agree regarding what may be 

 to their respective escorts, should such be necessary. 



The boundarv line established by this article shall be religiously respected by ea( 



necessary to these persons, and also 



shall ever be made therein, except by the express and free consent of both nations, lawfully given by the general govern- 

 ment of each, in conformity with its own constitution. 



Extract from treaty^ dated City of Mexico, Decemher 30, 1853, 



ARTICLE I. 



The Mexican republic agrees to designate the following as her true limits with the United States for the future : retaining 

 the same dividing line between the two Califomias as already defined and established, according to the 5fch article of the 



limits 



t - ■ — ■ • "" — - t 



three leagues from land, opposite the mouth of the Rio Grande, as provided in the 5th article of the treaty of Guadalupe 



Hidalgo ; thence, as defined in the said article, up the middle of that river to the point where the parallel of ^ 31^ 47' north 



crosses 



said parallel of 31o 20' to the 111th meridian 



junction 



middle of the said river Colorado until it intersects the present line between the United States and Mexico. 



* In the copy oT the 4Ui article of thU treaty, filed in the Department of State and pubUshed, this paraUel is described as Uie parallel of 31* 47' 30"; 

 but it was so clearly an error of transcribing that the Mexican commissioner, with tliat good s€nse which characterized all his proceeding, a-Teed to 

 ignore it. W. H^E. 



