﻿40 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [January 



V, Oak'pine-sassafi 



and red oaks, 



white pine, sassafras, plantain-leaved everlasting (Antennaria), 

 wormwood (Artemisia), sand bur, spurge (narrow-leaved form), 

 huckleberry (Gaylussacia) , lupine, sweet fern, bracken, and 

 Solidago nemoralis. This includes the dryest and most open form 

 of *'oak openings," together with the country which was once 

 quite well covered with pine. They are put together here, 

 because, aside from the now partially extinct white pine, the 

 floras are practically the same. 



A more extensive list of plants is given in the following 

 table, which shows almost graphically the distribution of the 

 enumerated plants throughout the five societies. The nomencla- 

 ture is that of the sixth edition of Gray's MamiaL The Roman 

 numerals heading the five columns at the right of the names 

 indicate the societies by number, the same method of indication 

 being also adopted on the map. The letters opposite the plant 

 names show in what societies the plant occurs, the relative 

 abundance in that society being denoted by the letter itself. C 

 denotes common: F, frequent; R, rare. An asterisk accom- 

 panying the letter expresses the fact that the plant is one of 

 those to be regarded as specially characteristic of that society. 

 Our rare has not the meaning given the word by the systematist; 

 plants which he would consider rare are not sufficiently abundant 

 to be considered at all in such a list as the present. 



2. Distribution, — ^The distribution of the societies is shown 

 on the map. From the darkest to the lightest of the five shades 

 used a gradation is shown corresponding to that in the societies 

 from I to V. The sixth and lightest shade denotes deeply- 

 eroded channels occupied chiefly by lowland societies. In these 



\ 



IV. Oak-hazel society, comprising white and red oaks, Aster 

 laevis, A. mac? ophyllus , New Jersey tea, hazel, spurge (Euphor- ^ 



bia), Helianthus occidentalism Solidago caesia^ and hoary pea 

 (Tephrosia). The spurge found in this society is the broad- 

 leaved form. In the following society this plant is just as com- 

 mon and characteristic as here, but there it has much narrower 

 leaves. The individuals of the broad-leaved form appear 

 stronger, greener, and more robust than the others. 



I 



