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1903] MACCHIE OF NEAPOLITAN COAST REGION 353 



are evergreen, but some are winter deciduous and others are 

 summer deciduous. 



Few areas can be found in which thickets are allowed to grow 

 undisturbed. All of the shrubs which have much fuel value are 

 cut to the ground and used for heating ovens and even for firing 

 limekilns or kilns of tile or coarse earthenware. 



It should be kept in mind that herbaceous vegetation flourishes 

 vigorously among the macchie, during all but the driest months. 

 A large proportion of the 700 species of phanerogams and vas- 



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cular- cryptogams which occur in Capri, of the 900 or more 

 species of Ischia, and of the 1,000 or more of the mainland imme- 

 diately surrounding the bay of Naples may be found among the 

 plant societies which constitute the macchie of the region. 



In attempting to look up the literature of the subject of this 

 paper the writer has been impressed by the apparent lack of 

 any moderately full bibliography of the topic. Much material of 

 the sort exists, but it does not appear to have been systematically 

 catalogued for the Neapolitan region, as it has been for other 

 Mediterranean territory. A large number of titles will be found 

 in Beck von Mannagetta's ** Vegetationsverhaltnisse der illyri- 

 schen Lander," pp. 25-45. Many are also given in Wilkomm's 

 *'Pflanzenverbreitung auf der iberischen Halbinsel," pp. 23-27; 

 but each of these books naturally refers mainly to the works 

 which relate more or less directly to its own region. 



The list at the close of this article, for which the author is 

 indebted to his friend, Sig. Giovanni Ettore Mattei, librarian of 

 the Royal Botanic Garden at Naples, contains some of the most 

 important titles of works which will aid in the study of Italian 

 macchie. 



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ENUMERATION OF PLANTS IN MEASURED AREAS. 



In order to give a somewhat definite idea of the completeness 

 with which the ground is covered in macchie of various types 

 and of the relative abundance of different species, the author has 

 counted the individual shrubs occurring in plots of ten meters 

 square. The task of counting was no easy one, as in many cases 

 each bushy clump had to be uprooted in order to ascertain 



