2IO 



NA TURE 



\yan. 15, 1874 



April 10, and will be open to all undergraduates of Cam- 

 briilge and Oxford, and to persons under twenty who are 

 not members of the Universities. Further information 

 may be obtained from the Rev. E. Blore, Tutor of Trinity 

 College. 



St. John's College.— One of the value of 50/. per 

 annum. The examination (in Chemistry, Physics, and 

 Physiology, with Geology, Anatomy and Botany) will be in 

 December, and will be open to all persons who have not 

 completed a term of residence at the University, as well 

 as to all who have entered and not completed one term of 

 residence. Natural Science is made one of the subjects 

 of the college examination of its students at the end 

 of the academical year, in May; and Exhibitions and 

 Foundation Scholarships will be awarded to students who 

 show an amount of knowledge equivalent to that which 

 in classics or mathematics usually gains an Exhibition or 

 Scholarship in the college. In short, natural science is 

 on the same footing with classics and mathematics, both 

 as regards teaching and rewards. 



Christ's Chllege. — One or more, in value from 30/. 

 to 70/., according to the number and merits of the candi- 

 dates, tenable for three- and-a-half years, and for three 

 years longer by those who reside during that period at the 

 college. The examination will be on March 24, and will 

 be open to the undergraduates of the college, to non- 

 collegiate undergraduates of Cambridge, to all under- 

 graduates of Oxford, and to any students who are not 

 members of either University. The candidates may select 

 their own subjects for examination. There are other Ex- 

 hibitions which arc distributed annually among the most 

 deserving students of the college. Further information 

 may be obtained of Mr. John Peile, Tutor of the College. 



GCNVILLE AND C.'iius COLLEGE. — One of the value 

 of 60/. per annum. The examination will be on March 

 24, in Chemistry and Experimental Physics, Zoology, 

 with Comparative Anatomy and Physiology, and Botany, 

 with Vegetable Anatomy and Physiology ; it will be 

 open to students who have not commenced residence in 

 the University. There is no limitation as to age. — 

 Scholarships of the value of 20/. each, or more if the 

 candidates are unusually good, are offered, for Anatomy 

 and Physiology, to members of the College. — Gentlemen 

 elected to the Tancred Medical Studentship are required 

 to enter at this College ; these Studentships are five in 

 number, and the annual value of each is 100/. Informa- 

 tion respecting these may be obtained from Mr. B. J. L. 

 Frere, 28, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London. 



Cl.are College. — One of the value of 60/. per annum, 

 tenable for two years at least. The examination (in 

 Chemistry, Chemical Physics, Comparative Anatomy and 

 Physiology, Botany with Vegetable and Animal Physio- 

 logy, and Geology) will be on March 24, and will be open 

 to students intending to begin residence in October. 



DowNi.x'G College. — One or more of the value of 40/. 

 per annum. The examination (in Chemistry, Compara- 

 tive Anatomy, and Physiology) will be early in April, and 

 will be open to all students not members of the Uni- 

 versity, as well as to all undergraduates in their first 

 term. 



Sidney College. — Two of the value of 40/. per annum. 

 The examination (in Heat, Electricity, Chemistry, Geo- 

 logy, Zoology and Physiology, Botany) will be on March 

 24, and will be open to all students who intend to 

 commence residence in October. 



Emmanuel College.— One of the value of 70/. The 

 examination on March 24 will be open to students who 

 have not commenced residence. 



Pembroke College. — One or more of the value of 

 20/. to 60/,, according to merit. The examination in June, 

 in Chemistry, Physics, and other subjects, will be open to 

 students under 20 years of age. 



King's College.— One of the value of about 80/. per 

 annum. The examination, on April 14, will be open to 



.all candidates under 20, and to undergraduates of the col- 

 lege in their first and second year. There will be an 

 examination in elementary Classics and Mathematics, in 

 addition to three or more papers in Natural Science, in- 

 cluding Physics, Chemistry, and Physiology. 



Although several subjects for examination are in each 

 instance given, this is rather to afford the option of one or 

 more to the candidates than to induce them to present a 

 superficial knowledge of several. Indeed, it is expressly 

 stated by some of the colleges that good clear knowledge 

 of one or two subjects will be more esteemed than a gene- 

 ral knowledge of several. 



Candidates, especially those who are not members of 

 the University, will, in most instances, be required to 

 show a fair knowledge of Classics and Mathematics, such, 

 for example, as would enable them to pass the previous 

 examination. 



There is no restriction on the ground of religious deno- 

 minations in the case of these or any of the Scholarships 

 or Exhibitions in the Colleges or in the University. 



Further information may be obtained from the Tutors 

 of the respective Colleges ; and the names, with certifi- 

 cates of character, date of birth, &c., must be sent to the 

 Tutor of the College, in each case, several days before 

 the examination. 



It will be observed that in several instances the time of 

 the examination is the same, certain of the Colleges 

 having combined together so as to hold one or two exa- 

 minations instead of each College holding a separate 

 examination. 



Some of the Colleges do not restrict themselves to the 

 number of Scholarships here mentioned, but will give 

 additional Scholarships if candidates of superior merit 

 present themselves ; and other Colleges than those here 

 mentioned, though they do not offer Scholarships, are in 

 the habit of rewarding deserving students of Natural 

 Science. 



It may be added that Trinity College will give a Fellow- 

 ship for Natural Science, once, at least, in three years : 

 and that most of the Colleges are understood to be will- 

 ing to award Fellowships for merit in Natural Science 

 equivalent to that for which they arc in the habit of giving 

 them for Classics and Mathematics. 



ASTRONOMICAL ALMANACS'^ 



X. — Remodelling of the ''■Nautical Almanac^' and the 



" yalirbuch." 

 "NJ EARLY all the reforms which concerned astronomy 

 -'-^ were realised by Encke in the Jalirbueh for 1830, 

 which appeared in Alay 1S28. The appe.irance of this 

 volume created an enormous sensation in England. The 

 contest between Young and his opponents was then at its 

 height. Strengthened by the help which had come to it 

 from Berlin, the Astronomical Society redoubled its com- 

 plaints and renewed its action ; but the death of Thomas 

 Young (May 10, 1829) soon occurred to simplify matters. 

 In order that the question might not be hastily decided, 

 the Society got the Nautical Almanac provision.ally en- 

 trusted to the care of the Astronomer-Royal, J. Pond ; 

 at the same time it appointed a commission of forty 

 members, composed of the directors of all the observa- 

 tories and the principal astronomers and mariners, English 

 and foreign.! 



At last, at its annual meeting in February 1830, the 

 Society awarded to Encke its gold medal for the great 

 service which he had rendered to astronomy. " It would 

 be superfluous," said Sir James South, President of the 

 Society, in the address which he gave on that occasion, 

 " for us to enlarge upon the merit of this well-known work, 

 which, beyond all rivalry, ought to be regarded as the 

 only ephemcris on a level with the requirements of 



* Continued from p. 49. 



t Stiuve t"ok part in tliis commission. 



