NATURE 



79 



THURSDAY, JUNE 4, 1874 



SCIENTIFIC WORTHIES 

 III.— Charles Robert Darwin 



CHARLES ROBERT DARWIN was born at Shrews- 

 bury on Feb. 12, 1809. He is the son of Dr. Robert 

 Waring Darwin, F.R.S., and grandson of Dr. Erasmus 

 Darwin, F.R.S., author of the " Botanic Garden," " Zoo- 

 nomia," &c. ; by the mother's side he is grandson of 

 Josiah Wedgwood, F.R.S., the celebrated manufacturer 

 of pottery. Mr. Darwin was educated at Shrewsbury 

 School under Dr. Butler, afterwards Bishop of Lichfield, 

 and in the winter of 1825 went to Edinburgh University 

 for two years. He there attended to Marine Zoology, and 

 read before the Phnian Society at the close of 1826 two 

 short papers, one on the movement of the ova of Flustra. 

 From Edinburgh Mr. Darwin went to Christ's College, 

 Cambridge, where he took his Bachelor of Arts degree 

 in 1S31. In the autumn of 1S31, Capt. FitzRoy having 

 offered to give up part of his own cabin to any naturalist 

 who would accompany H.M.S. Bcagic in her surveying 

 voyage round the world, Mr. Darwin volunteered his ser- 

 vices without salary, but on condition that he should have 

 the entire disposal of his collections, all of which he de- 

 posited in various public institutions. The Beagle sailed 

 from England Dec. 27, 1831, and returned Oct. 22, 1836. 



I\Ir. Darwin married his cousin, Emma Wedgwood, in 

 the beginning of 1839, and has lived since 1842 at Down, 

 Beckenham, Kent, of which county he is a magistrate. 



The Royal Society awarded to Mr. Darwin, in 1853, 

 the Royal Medal, and in 1S64 the Copley Medal. In 

 1859 the Geological Society awarded him the WoUaston 

 Medal. He is an honorary member of various foreign 

 scientific Societies, and is a Knight of the Prussian Order 

 of Merit. 



Since his return from South America in the Beagle 

 ]\Ir. Darwin's life has been comparatively uneventful, 

 even for a scientific man; indeed, so far as the public is 

 concerned, the main events in Mr. Darwin's career have 

 been the publication of his works and papers, which have 

 been far more numerous than many arc aware of. We 

 give below a list of them. 



Geneml Works 



Journal of Researches into the Natural History and 

 Geology of the countries visited by H.M.S. Beagle, 1845. 



On the Origin of Species by means of Natural Selection, 

 1859. 



This was preceded by a sketch, entitled " On the va- 

 riation of organic beings in a state of nature ;" published 

 in the jfounial of Ike LiitiHeaii Society, vol. iii. (Zool.), 

 1859, p. 46. 



The Variation of Plants and Animals under Domesti- 

 cation. 2 vols. 1868. 



Tlie Descent of Man, and Selection in relation to Sex. 

 2 vols. 1 87 1. 



The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals. 

 1S72. 



Zoological Woris 



The Zoology of the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle, edited 

 Vol, X.— No. 240 



and superintended by C. Darwin, 1 840; consisting of five 

 parts. 



A monogr.iph of the Cirripedia, Part 1, Lepadidie ; Ray 

 Soc, 1 85 1, pp. 400. 



A monograph of the Cirripedia, Part 2, the Balanida; ; 

 Ray Soc, 1854, pp. 684. 



A monograph of the Fossil Lepadidffi ; Pal. Soc, 185 1, 

 pp. 86 



A monograph of the Fossil Balanidae and Verrucidce ; 

 Pal. Soc, 1S54, pp. 44. 



Observations on the Structure of the genus Sagitta ; 

 Ann. Nat. Hist., vol. xiii., 1844. 



Brief descriptions of several terrestrial Phanarias, and 

 of some marine species ; Ann. Nat. Hist., vol xiv., 1844, 

 p. 241. 



Botanical Works 



On the various contrivances by which British and 

 Foreign Orchids are fertilised, 1862. 



On the Movements and Habits of Climbing Plants ; 

 Journ. Linn. Soc, vol ix., 1S65 (Bot.), p. i. — This Paper 

 has also been published as a separate work. 



On the action of Sea-water on the Germination of 

 Seeds ; Journ. Linn. Soc, vol. i., 1S57 (Bot.), p. 130. 



On the Agency of Bees in the Fertilisation of Papi- 

 lionaceous Flowers ; Ann. Nat. Hist., vol. ii., 1858, p. 



459- 



On the Two Forms or Dimorphic Condition of the 

 species of Primula ; Journ. Linn. Soc, vol. vi., 1862 

 (Bot.), p. jj. 



On the Existence of Two Forms and their reciprocal 

 Sexual Relations in the genus Linum ; Journ. Linn. Soc, 

 vol. vii., 1863 (Bot.), p. 69. 



On the Se.xual Relations of the Three Forms of 

 Lythrum ; Journ. Linn. Soc, vol. viii., 1864, p. 169. 



On the Character and Hybrid-like nature of the ille- 

 gitimate Oftspring of Dimorphic and Trimorphic Plants ; 

 Journ. Linn. Soc, vol. x., 1867 (Bot.), p. 393. 



On the Specific Difference between Primula vens and 

 P. vulgaris, and on the Hybrid Nature of the common 

 Oxslip ; Journ. Linn. Soc, vol. x., 1867 (Bot.), p. 437. 



Notes on the Fertilisation of Orchids ; Ann. Nat. Hist,, 

 Sept. 1869. 



Geological Works 



The Structure and Distribution of Coral-reefs, 1842 ; 

 pp. 214. 



Geological Observations on Volcanic Islands, 1844 ; 

 pp. 175. 



Geological Observations on South America, 1S46 ; pp. 

 279. 



On the Connection of the Volcanic Phenomena in 

 South America, &;c. ; Trans. Geol. Soc, vol. v. ; read 

 March, 1838. 



On the Distribution of the Erratic Boulders in South 

 America ; Trans. Geol. Soc, vol. vi. ; read April, 1841. 



On the transportal of Erratic Boulders from a lower to 

 a higher level ; Journ. Geol. Soc, 1848, p. 315. 



N otes on the Ancient Glaciers of Caernarvonshire ; 

 Phil. Mag., vol. xxi., 1842, p. iSo. 



On the Geology of the Falkland Islands ; Journ. Geol. 

 Soc, 1846, pp. 267. 



On a Remarkable Bar of Sandstone off Pernambuco ; 

 Phil. Mag., Oct. i84i,p. 257. 



On the Formation of Mould ; Trans. Geol. Soc, vol. 

 v., p. 505 ; read Nov. 1837. 



On the ParaUel Roads of Glen Roy; Trans. Phil. 

 Soc, 1839, p. 39. 



On the Power of Icebergs to make Grooves on a Sub- 

 marine Surface; Phil. Mag., Aug. 1855. 



An account of the Fine Dust which often falls on 

 vessels in the Atlantic Ocean ; Proc Geol. Soc, 1845, 

 p. 26. 



Origin of the Saliferous Deposits of Patagonia ; Journ. 

 Geol. Soc, vol. ii., 1S38, p. 127. 



