30 PROFESSOR OWEN ON THE OSTEOLOGY OF 
PLATE VIII. 
Fig. 1. Front view of the left tibia and fibula of an adult but young male Troglodytes 
Gorilla. 
Fig. 2. The upper end of the same tibia. 
Fig. 3. The lower end of the same tibia. 
Fig. 4. The upper end of the same fibula. 
Fig. 5. Front view of the left tibia and fibula of an adult male Troglodytes niger. 
Fig. 6. The upper end of the same tibia. 
Fig. 7. The lower end of the same tibia. 
Fig. 8. The upper end of the same fibula. 
9 
. Front view of the left tibia and fibula of an adult male Australian. 
Fig. 10. The upper end of the same tibia. 
Fig. 11. The upper end of the same fibula. 
PLATE IX. 
Fig. 1. Manubrium sterni, and first pair of ribs, of an adult but young male Troglodytes 
Gorilla. 
Fig. 2. The upper margin of the same manubrium. 
Fig. 3. Manubrium sterni, and first pair of ribs of an adult male Troglodytes niger. 
Fig. 4. The upper margin of the same manubrium. 
Fig. 5. Manubrium sterni, and first pair of ribs, of an adult male European. 
Fig. 6. The upper margin of the same manubrium. 
Fig. 7. The sternal end of the second rib of the same skeleton. 
Fig. 8. The first rib of an adult male Australian. 
The following letters indicate the same parts in each figure :— a. articular surface for 
the clavicle ; d. capitulum or ‘ head’ of the rib; e. ‘ neck’ of the rib ; f. ‘ tubercle’ of 
the rib ; pl. pleurapophysis, or osseous part of the rib: 4. hemapophysis, or cartilaginous 
part of the rib. The figures in the above nine Plates were drawn in 1851, by permission 
of the President and Council of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, from 
specimens in the Museum of the College. 
In the foregoing illustrations of the comparative osteology of the European and 
Australian the physical superiority of the civilized man is exemplified. No known 
conditions of climate are more favourable to a perfect natural development of the ‘ noble 
savage in his native wilds,’ free from all the restraints of so called ‘artificial’ society, 
than that of Australia. The wild mammals of the woods and plains, and the teeming 
life of the sea, excite and reward the healthy exercise of the senses and muscular system of 
the Aboriginal Sportsman of that dry, sunny, and healthful land. Yet the advantage 
