MR. FLOWER ON THE BRAIN OF THE JAVAN LORIS. 109 
and Stenops respectively. Callithriv moloch, as figured by Gratiolet (fig. 11), has a 
moderately extended Sylvian fissure, a well-marked antero-temporal and a distinct 
angular sulcus, as in Lemur, while in the Douroucouli (Nyctipithecus trivirgatus) there 
is a Sylvian fissure much prolonged upwards and backwards, an antero-temporal, but 
no angular sulcus, all of which characters are reproduced in Stenops. Thus the most 
marked differences between the brains of Lemur and Stenops find their parallel in those 
of two very nearly allied genera of another family. 
The cerebellum of Lemur nigrifrons appears to me to present marked characters of 
inferiority as compared with the same part in the true Apes, especially in the large 
relative proportion of the vermes, both median and lateral, as compared with the bodies 
of the three divisions of this organ ; but, as before stated, Stenops does not present this 
character in so marked a degree; indeed I could perceive little essential difference 
between the cerebellum of this animal and that of Hapale and the other small Monkeys ; 
but my observations on this point do not agree with those of Vrolik, and may require 
verification. 
Comparison of the Brains of Lemur and Stenops with those of the lower Mammalia. 
Having placed side by side with the brains of the animals now under review those 
of some of the smaller Carnivora, as the Cat and the Kinkajou (Cercoleptes caudi- 
volvulus), it becomes evident that these latter present a common family likeness to each 
other in the character of their convolutions, and belong to a different type from that 
on which the Lemurs and Monkeys are formed. In general shape they certainly are 
approached by the Lemuride, but in the arrangement of the sulci it is difficult to trace 
any resemblance; the nomenclature of the superficial parts of the hemisphere of the 
one utterly fails us when we attempt to apply it to the other. In the Carnivora the 
convolution surrounding the rudimentary Sylvian fissure is followed by two or three 
more, one encircling the other, the upper one bounded by the margin of the hemi- 
sphere. On the inner face the dissimilarity is equally striking, especially in the 
absence of anything resembling the calcarine fissure (see fig. 12, inner face of the 
right hemisphere of a cat’s brain). Whether more critical researches, aided by a 
careful study of the development of the convolutions, will hereafter enable us to trace 
the homology between the parts marked off by such dissimilar patterns I cannot say ; 
but no satisfactory solution of the problem has yet been offered. 
To turn to another group of animals with which the Lemurs are supposed to have 
affinities, viz. the Cheiroptera, our difficulty is here greatly increased by the want of any 
member of the order with a brain of sufficient size to possess sulci on its surface. In 
a species of Pteropus I could trace none distinctly, and indeed it could scarcely be 
expected when such markings are almost absent in the brain of a true Primate of even 
larger size (Hapale). In general form the Bat’s brain is far removed from that of the 
