OF GALLINACEOUS BIRDS AND TINAMOUS. 165 
whilst the length of the toes and the physiognomy of the bird deceived Professor Owen, 
and made him call the bird a Rail. All the toes are on the same level in Talegalla. 
There are sixteen strong, short cervical vertebrz, the last two bearing rather long ribs, 
those of the last being stout, and having each an appendage. The last is anchylosed to 
the first dorsal, and it to the next two, whilst the last dorsal is free. Only the two first 
dorsal ribs have appendages, and these very stunted’. The first sacral (of which series 
there are about seventeen) has ribs that meet a large double hemapophysis, the latter half 
of which belongs to the second sacral rib. The second sacral rib is small and styloid, and 
has coalesced with the sacrum ; and a small flap, articulated with the hinder half of the 
double hemapophysis, belongs to the third sacral. The last sacral vertebra has not 
coalesced with the rest, and, like the six strong caudal bones, is nearly solid; all the 
rest of the sacrum, all the dorsal and cervical vertebrz, the ribs and the hemapophyses 
are pneumatic, but the numerous air-passages are small. This is similar to what 
we meet with in the Fowl, only in it the ribs are solid, and all the other back and 
trunk-bones are very devoid of diploé. The Talegalla agrees best, in the very cellular 
condition of its trunk-bones, with the large culminating forms of the typical ‘‘ Galline,” 
and with the great arboreal Curassows, rather than with the medium-sized Pheasants 
and Fowls. The scapula and furculum are solid in Zalegalla ; but the coracoids contain 
air. We have the same thing in the Fowl; but in Crar globicera the thick spongy 
scapule are pneumatic. 
Of the shoulder-bones, only the furculum has diverged from the type: its angular 
process is smaller and turns up more than in the Fowl and the Curassow ; the whole 
bone is more U-shaped than is usual in the Fowl tribe ; but little change either way 
would convert such a furculum into that either of a Plover or a Crow. The sternum 
is pneumatic, but the passages are few and small. It is excessively strong ; but differs 
little from that of a Curassow or of a Peafowl, very much from that of a Fowl, Phea- 
sant, Quail, or Grouse. In the latter birds the processes are all very long, narrow, 
elegant, and thin; but the Talegalla, a medium-sized bird, rivals the gigantic forms in 
the coarse strength of its sternum. 
Hence the spaces between the forks of the hyposternum and between the hypo- and 
xiphisternums are relatively much smaller, and the external process of the hyposternum 
is twice as broad as in the common Cock. As in the Curassow, the sternal keel is 
deeper than in the type, and is very thick. Altogether, the sternum comes very near 
that of Craw globicera, the hyosternal processes being thick and short. The episternum 
is perforated, but it is feebly carinate below, whilst in the Curassow the carination is 
much developed. The ‘‘ossa innominata” are essentially Gallinaceous ; but the pre- 
femoral parts of the ilia, with the anterior third of the sacral crest, are very much more 
These appendages are very abortive in the Cariama (Dicholophus), and are totally absent in the Screamer 
(Chauna chavaria). Yn the Apteryx and Penguin they are very large, and fix the chest-bones almost as com- 
pletely as the rib-sutures do in the Chelonia. 
