238 MR. W. K. PARKER ON THE OSTEOLOGY 
EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES. 
PLATE XXXIV. 
Hemipodius ? sd. Sesamoid at angle of jaw. 
Fig. 1. Basal view of skull. g. Os quadratum. 
so. Superoccipital. gj- Quadrato-jugal. 
m.o.f. Middle occipital fontanelle. j. Jugal. 
eo. Exoccipital. bs. Basisphenoid. 
o.c. Occipital condyle. pg. Pterygoid. 
bo. Basioccipital. pa. Palatine. 
9. Anterior and posterior condyloid ao. Antorbital. 
foramina. v. Vomer. 
8. Foramen for vagus nerve. pv. Prevomer. 
i.c. Opening for internal carotid artery. n. Nasal. 
t.1. Anterior tympanic. pw. Premaxillary. 
t.2. Lateral tympanic. Fig. 2. End view of skull. 
bt. Basitemporal. ar, Articular. 
ornithic character is, that the cartilaginous rings fail of perfection in two ways: firstly, in a few places they form 
a short spiral with free ends ; and secondly, the lowest six are open behind, as in the Mammalia. I do not find 
this character in the Emus, the Mooruk (Casuarius Bennetii), the Rhea, or the Ostrich (Struthio camelus). 
In the Emu, at the lower third the trachea is enlarged, and the rings are open in front at that part. In the 
Tinamou the trachea is enlarged above the middle ; but the rings are complete in the dilated region. 
The Rhea has, unexpectedly, a pair of thick inferior laryngeal muscles; I find none in the Mooruk, 
Ostrich, Emu, or Tinamou: in this these birds agree with the typical and subtypical Fowls and the Geese. 
The Tinamou has the pharynx, crop, and gizzard exactly as in the true Galline ; but the proyentricular glands 
are not racemose as in the Fowl, the Grouse, the Rhea, and the Ostrich, but simple, as in the Pigeon, Sand- 
grouse, T'alegalla, Emu, and Cassowary. In these latter huge birds (Dromeus and Casuarius) the glandules 
are long and cylindrical; in the Tinamou they are short and ovoidal, as in Syrrhaptes. 
The czea coli of the Tinamou are inferior to those of the Fowls, and relatively shorter than in the Rhea; the 
largest of the two is 33 inches long by 3 an inch in width at the widest part. These organs are not sacculated 
as in the Rhea, and they have neither the delicate reticulated plicee of the Fowl nor the large longitudinal folds 
of the Grouse and Sandgrouse ; in the Mooruk and the Emu they are short; in the latter bird they are not an 
inch in length six weeks after hatching. In this Tinamou the cesophagus is 73 inches in length; but the crop 
projects from it 2 inches 8 lines, and is 1 inch 8 lines across. The proventriculus is 10 lines in length; the 
gizzard 12 inch across, 14 inch deep, and } of an inch thick. The duodenal. fold is 3 inches long, and the in- 
testine, from the gizzard to the ceca, 31 inches; the colo-rectum is 5 inches long. The whole length of the 
intestinal canal is 54 inches. The three slits in the soft palate (the two anterior being the median nares, and the 
posterior slit receiving the Eustachian tubes) are in the Tinamou perfectly struthious. 
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