AND AFFINITIES OF THE GORILLA. 247 
breadth of the ear is above the concha, in which the ‘ incisura intertragica’ is less deep 
than in Man. 
The hairy part of the scalp is continued to the superorbital prominence, the hairs 
becoming gradually shorter to that part ; thence the hair-clad skin is continued outward 
and downward upon the sides of the deep cheeks, where the hair is long: it becomes 
rapidly shorter upon the upper lip and as it approaches the margin of the lower 
lip: but there is no excessive development of hair in the positions of the Human whiskers 
and beard [nor are these more marked in the old male Gorilla|'. ‘The naked parts of 
the skin of the face are much wrinkled, and these are deep where related to the action 
of the well-developed cutaneous muscles corrugating the eyebrows and moving the 
eyelids and the ale nasi. 
The chest is of great proportional capacity, and the shoulders are very wide across. 
The profile of the trunk behind describes a slight convexity from the nape, which 
projects beyond the occiput, downward to the sacrum : the blade-bones slightly project ; 
but there is no inbending at the loins, which seem wanting. The abdomen is prominent 
both before and at the sides. The pectoral regions are slightly marked, and show the 
pair of nipples placed as in the Chimpanzee and Man. In the male the penis (PI. XLVI. 
fig. 2) is short and subconical; the prepuce is devoid of frenum; the scrotum is 
broader and more sessile than in Man; the perineum is longer, the anus being placed 
further back than in Man (ib.). There is no trace of ischial callosities. The glutei are 
better developed and give more of the appearance cf nates (PI. XLVI. fig. 1) than in 
any other anthropoid Ape, but they do not project so as to meet beyond the anus and 
conceal it. 
The chief deviations from the Human structure are seen in the limbs, which are of 
great power, the upper ones prodigiously strong, making by comparison the legs, 
through the want of ‘‘ calves,” look feeble. 
The first characteristic is the almost uniform thickness of each segment of the limb: 
this is seen in the arm, from below the short deltoid prominence to the condyles, 
neither biceps nor triceps making any definite swelling: a like uniform thickness is 
seen in the antibrachium from below the olecranon to the wrist: the leg increases 
a little in thickness from the knee to the ankle (Pl. XLVI. fig.1): the short thigh 
shows some decrease as it descends; but there is a general absence of those par- 
tial muscular enlargements which impart the graceful, varying curves to the outlines 
of the limbs in Man. Yet this, upon dissection, is found to depend rather on excess 
than defect of development of the carneous as compared with the tendinous parts 
of the limb-muscles, which thus continue of almost the same size from their origin to 
their insertion, with a proportionate gain of strength to the beast. 
The difference in the length of the upper limbs between the Gorilla and Man is but 
‘ The passages within brackets, relating to the full-grown male Gorilla, have been added to the original 
paper from observations of the well-preserved skins purchased by the British Museum of Mr. du Chaillu,in 1861. 
