AND AFFINITIES OF THE GORILLA. 275 
including the Ouistitis; and 3. the Old-World Simie. In these Buffon! had gene- 
ralized the fact of the narrow septum of the nose, as he had also that of the broad nasal 
septum inthe New-World Monkeys. Etienne Geoffroy St.-Hilaire * invented names for 
the two great groups expressive of these characters, e. g. Catarrhini and Platyrrhini. 
Observing also a peculiar twist of the nostril in certain Lemurids, he proposed for that 
group the term Strepsirrhini, to give uniformity of nomenclature to these three divi- 
sions of the Quadrumana. The Lemurine group, including Chiromys and Galeopithecus, 
offers, however, exceptions to the form and position of nostrils to a degree not known 
in the two higher groups. The dentition and other important parts of the organiza- 
tion present also more and greater modifications than in the Platyrrhines and Catar- 
rhines. The difference in the relative size of the cerebrum between any known 
Lemurine and the lower Platyrrhine is such as to indicate a higher degree of value to 
the Strepsirrhine group, and that it is more distinct from the Platyrrhine® than this is 
from the Catarrhine group. Moreover, the Lemurines in their diversities of organiza- 
tion are a less natural or circumscribed group, and their wider geographical distribution 
accords with this conclusion. Of all the Gyrencephala, they have the closest affinities 
with the Lissencephala ; yet the small smooth-brained Lemurines show a larger propor- 
tional cerebrum than the Rodents or Insectivores of corresponding size’. 
With these admissions, retaining the Lemurines or Strepsirrhines as a primary group 
and the lowest suborder of Quadrumana, I regard the Platyrrhines, or New-World Simie, 
and the Catarrhines, or Old-World Simie, as two other suborders, respectively more 
circumscribed and natural than the lower one, and more nearly allied to each other 
than to it. 
Of the subdivisions of these suborders it is not in my present aim to say more than 
that I adopt as the highest group or ‘‘ tribe” of Catarrhines, the Pithecina of Isidore 
Geoffroy St.-Hilaire’. To the characters of teeth (common to it with all Catarrhines) 
’ Histoire Naturelle, tom. xiv. p. 13. * Annales du Muséum, tom. xix. pp. 85 & 156. 
> Mr. Blyth, in Orr’s edition of the ‘ Régne Animal,’ 8vo, 1840, remarks upon the Ouistitis, ‘ Their brain is 
surprisingly low, almost without convolutions.”” But, in my Memoir of 1837, it was shown that the Midas 
rufimanus was superior to the smooth-brained Rodents and Marsupials in the greater relative size of the cere- 
brum, which is a more important character. 
* See “‘ Memoir on the Aye-aye (Chiromys),’’ Trans. Zool. Soc. vol. v. pp. 68 & 84, pl. 24. figs. 2-5. 
5 Archives du Muséum d’Hist. Nat., 1839, ‘Sur la classification et les caractéres des Mammiféres, Premitre 
Mémoire, Famille des Singes.”’ 
“Tribu I. Prruectens, Pithecina: Singes 4 cing molaires (32 dents en tout), 4 ongles courts, 4 membres 
antérieurs plus longs que les postérieurs.”’ 
Van der Hoeven, excluding Galeopithecus from the order, divides the Quadrumana primarily into Lemurina 
seu Prosimit and Sim1z. The latter group he subdivides into— 
“Phalanx I. Hemipitheci. 
II. Hesperopitheci. 
III. Heopitheci.” 
The first two answer to the Platyrrhines; the third to the Catarrhines, In this arrangement the genera 
VOL. V.—PART IV. 20 
