OF THE GREAT AUK, OR GARFOWL. 327 
part of its proximal end a strong compressed process, which is perforated, and which 
developes the articular cavity for the inner condyle of the scapula, and is attached by 
a short ligament to the end of the furculum: the main continuation of the body of the 
bone supplies the rest of the joint for the scapula, with the major part of that for the 
humerus, and then arches forward as a strong process to abut against the articular 
surface of the clavicle (furcular prong), situated apon the upper and outer part of that 
bone, about 6 lines from the extremity, which is ligamentously connected with the 
scapula and inner part of the clavicular process of the coracoid. The body of the 
coracoid is, as usual, straight and inclined from the sternum upward, forward, and 
slightly outward, losing breadth, gaining thickness, and assuming the trihedral form as 
it rises. 
The clavicle (Pl. LI. fig. 1, 58), anterior to the coracoid articulation, becomes com- 
pressed, curves with a strong convexity forward, and then bends inward and backward, 
thickening and expanding to become confluent with its fellow, in the form of an inverted 
but somewhat narrow arch (PI. LII. fig. 3). The length of each half of the so-formed 
furculum, following the curve, is 4 inches 6 lines ; a short convex ridge is developed 
from the point of confluence, which does not reach the anterior apex of the sternal keel. 
The humerus (PI. LI. fig. 1,53; Pl. LII. figs. 8, 9,10), 4 inches 2 lines in length, 
is much expanded at the proximal end (PI. LII. fig. 8), where it measures 1 inch 
across: the shaft is compressed, measuring 6 lines in long diameter, and only 23 lines 
in short diameter, midway between the two ends (as in the outline above the fig. 9). 
The articular head (a) is a semioval convexity, 8 lines by 43 lines, overhanging the 
concavity (d) on the anconal side, with the long axis extending from the radial (b) to 
the ulnar (c) side, and with the ends continued upon the beginning of the radial and 
ulnar (c’) crests, of which the former is upper, the latter lower, in the natural position 
of the bone. The radial crest or tuber is directly continued, contracting, into the 
pectoral ridge. The ulnar crest is prominent, subtriangular, convex palmad, concave 
anconad, and sending off on this surface a thick ridge (c’) which divides the concavity 
into a proximal depression (d), and a deeper distal one (e), into which an air-cell has 
entered, but without pushing itself into the interior of the bone. From near the radial 
end of the articular convexity, a thick ridge or raised rough surface (f) extends about 
8 lines down the bone; it gives insertion, by a well-marked narrow elliptical depression, 
to the second pectoral muscle, the raiser of the wing. Below this ridge the convexity 
of the shaft rapidly subsides into the almost flattened outer or radial surface. The 
opposite surface at the proximal end of the shaft is concave, but becomes slightly 
convex, transversely, down the rest of the shaft. The borders bounding the flattened 
shaft, of which the radial one is formed chiefly by the pectoral ridge, describe very 
slight sigmoid curves. The pectoral ridge is long and low, much less developed than 
in birds of flight. A short ridge (PI. LII. fig. 9, 9), abruptly rising from the end of 
the radial border, extends to the middle of the distal anconal side of the radial condyle. 
