38 MR. A. L. ADAMS ON THE OSTEOLOGY OF 
exception it will be found that this specimen and the other agree; and moreover, as he 
has pointed out, the same obtains in the African. As to the age of the individual, from 
the large paramastoid cells it would appear that the owner was not an unborn calf, and 
probably the penultimate milk-tooth of the smallest form was in use. 
1. The portions of left upper and lower jaws, Nos. 91 & 90 (PL. II. figs. 1 & 2), to 
which reference has been made in the preceding account of the milk-series, are too 
imperfect for any comparative purposes of importance. The ramus of the lower jaw 
gives the following :—The depth of the jaw at the middle of the third or penultimate 
milk-molar and from the alveolar border is nearly 2 inches, and the maximum thickness 
at the same point is about 1-3 inch; in a ramus of the Asiatic Elephant’ presenting the 
third milk-molar in full wear (here it is just being invaded), the former is 2-4 inches, 
and the latter 1-6 inch. 
2. The suggestive fragment of a left ramus, lower jaw, No. 41 (Pl. I. fig. 12, and its 
reduced profile view in Pl. VI. fig. 2), is a cast of a specimen I found in Gandia Fissure 
with other remains ascribable to the largest form. It contains a nearly worn-out milk- 
tooth ; the left ramus has been broken off close to the symphysial canal, which, however, 
is entire and extends posteriorly through the socket of the succeeding tooth, which must 
have been nearly in full wear. There is no trace of the preceding molar, whilst the con- 
cave anterior aspect of the alveolar socket of the successor is preserved, giving a depth of 
2-3 inches, and indicating, by the breadth of the pressure-scar (0°8 inch) on the posterior 
aspect of the fragment of the tooth in position, that the former was rapidly replacing it. 
The following are the dimensions of the jaw :—Height of the ramus at the alveolar 
border in front 2°7 inches; height at the last ridge 2°5 inches; from the edge of the 
tooth in front to the middle of the gutter 2°2 inches. The diasteme inclines nearly 
vertically, with a sharp undulating border curving outwards. Although the rostrum has 
been broken off, it is quite apparent that it never could have been prominent; and there- 
fore as regards these two characters the jaw presents a resemblance to the Asiatic. The 
symphysial canal is broad and shallow, and therefore more like the African Elephant’s. 
The antero-posterior length of the gutter above is 2°5, and the inferior junction 2 inches. 
The mentary foramina, as in the African, are large, and situated about half an inch from 
the free margin of the diasteme. 
The comparison with recent species gives these instructive data. The dimensions of 
the lower maxilla of a very young African Elephant agree with the above almost to a 
nicety, only that the diasteme in the former, although of the same length, is by no 
means so perpendicular. The stage of growth is represented by the permanent incisors 
Just appearing at the entrance of their alveoli. The antepenultimate milk-tooth is worn 
to its common base ; and six ridges of the succeeding molar are in use, the breadth of 
the base of the skull at the occipital condyles being 4 inches, which would indicate an 
individual as large as the owner of the atlas, Plate XIII. figs. 1 & la. 
‘No. 2668, Osteological Catalogue, Royal College of Surgeons, 
