THE MALTESE FOSSIL ELEPHANTS. 4] 
Elephant holding the fragment of a third, and having nine ridges of the fourth milk- 
molar invaded. 
5. [have stated my views as to the teeth in rami Nos. 100 & 101 (PI. V. figs. 1a & 4) 
being considered penultimate true molars. Both rami are broken oft just in front of 
the diasteme and at the angle behind. Their coronoid processes were also removed, and 
the contours of the jaws very much destroyed by the rough usage they received when 
first deposited in Benghisa Gap; consequently they present few, if any, very reliable 
measurements. From the base of the coronoid to the commencement of the diasteme is 
4-4 inches, which is rather greater than Pl. VI. fig. 3, and equal to that of the jaw 
(Pl. VI. fig. 1) holding the last true molar. The fragment of diasteme, especially on the 
left, and the rapidly incurving of the chin would indicate a steep slope to the former, 
and a truncated aspect to the latter. At the angle posteriorly on the right side there 
is a deep sulcus, which may be the termination of the sharp border and hollow we shall 
see is pronounced at 6, Pl. VI. fig. 1. This, however, is not to be looked on as a reliable 
character as far as Pl. V. fig. 1 is concerned, seeing that the specimen has been severely 
injured just at the angle of the jaw. 
6. The right ramus, No. 95 (Pl. VI. figs. 1 & 1 a), when discovered was nearly entire ; 
although from rough usage received when fresh, the condyle had been removed, and the 
jaw fractured, and its fore part bent inwards, so that there is a void between the molar 
and the alveolus anteriorly. The diasteme was injured; and the symphysial canal was 
imperfect, in consequence of the opposite ramus having been broken off close toit. The 
molar, however, as before noticed, is entire ; and there are no traces in the jaw of a pre- 
decessor or successor; indeed so crowded is it by the long narrow crown, that the pos- 
terior portion of the latter reaches almost to the entrance of the dental foramen, leaving 
no space for the capsule of a germ molar. 
The following measurements of the jaw were procured immediately after the mandible 
was removed from Benghisa Gap. Since then, from the exceedingly friable nature of 
the specimen, the greater portion of its anterior extremity has been destroyed during 
transit from Malta. 
The extreme length, from the posterior margin of the ascending ramus to the edge of 
the symphysis, is about 10-6 inches. This admeasurement is somewhat vitiated in con- 
sequence of the fracture. 
Length of the alveolar border, from the anterior margin of the ascending ramus to 
the diasteme 5:5 inches. 
Breadth of the ascending ramus in a line with the alveolar border 4:5 inches. 
Height of the alveolar border at the outer edge of the ascending ramus 3°5 inches. 
Height of the alveolar border in front near the diasteme 3°8 inches. 
Length of the diasteme 5:8 inches. 
Vertical height of ascending ramus to the neck of the condyle 6 inches. 
Transverse diameter at bulge of ramus below the coron‘id apophysis 3°5 inches. 
VoL. Ix.—PART I. November, 1874. G 
