THE MALTESE FOSSIL ELEPHANTS. 48 
the smallest form, is in such an imperfect condition as to scarcely admit of any very 
accurate measurements. 
The breadth of the ascending ramus, in a line with the alveolar border, is neue 
2°6 inches. 
The height of the alveolar border at the outer edge of the ascending ramus is 2°8 
inches. The vertical height of the ascending ramus, to the neck of the condyle, is 
4:5 inches. 
There is one point, irrespective of size, in which this jaw seems to differ from any 
other specimen in my collection, viz. in the bulging of the ascending ramus posteriorly 
so apparent in the Mammoth and Asiatic. This is very evident by comparing the above 
with Pl. VI. figs. 1 & 4. The jaw, moreover, in comparison with the short narrow tooth, 
is very deep—much deeper, indeed, than that of the recent species, where the penulti- 
mate milk-tooth is in full wear, and the individual is fully 4-5 feet in height; whereas 
another (No. 28, 114) in the Royal College of Surgeons, with the antepenultimate and 
part of the penultimate milk-molars in use, is also proportionally very much smaller, 
although the height of the animal is said to have been 3 feet. 
8. The fragment of a left lower ramus, No. 42 (Pl. XI. figs. 10 & 10a), containing a 
penultimate true molar, referred to the largest form, has been broken across imme- 
diately behind the coronoid apophysis, and obliquely in front of the tooth, but in such 
a way that a fragment of the posterior part of the cylindrical canal remains just as 
observed in the rami Pl. V. fig. 1. 
The anterior border of the coronoid has been recently spared’ but there is no diffi- 
culty in supplying the deficiency; so it will be apparent that the process is high, rising 
fairly erect, with some overhanging of the front, which is thick as in the recent species. 
The diasteme (Pl. XI. fig. 10a) is decidedly almost vertical. The lower and ‘side por- 
tions of the jaw have been much injured; and therefore the following may be somewhat 
less than had obtamed. The height of the jaw at the commencement of the diasteme is 
5:8 inches, at the base of the coronoid process in front 3°7 inches; height of the coronoid 
process 3°35 inches. 
The surface of attrition is 4-6 inches; but it is just possible that a small fragment of 
the preceding tooth was also in wear. 
9. The first upper true molar of the largest elephant (Pl. VIII. fig. 5) was found in 
a skull which had also the lower jawand teeth in place. Unfortunately the latter were 
destroyed during the process of removal. I ascertained, however, beforehand, that the 
height of the ramus in front of the lower molars, as compared with the same in the jaw 
in Pl. VI. fig. 1, stood as 4°5 to 3:8 inches. Consequently the former belonged to the 
largest form, as further borne out by the ridge-formula and other characters of the 
teeth; whilst Pl. VI. fig. 1, we have seen, held the last true molar of the pygmy 
elephant. 
G2 
