46 MR. A. L. ADAMS ON THE OSTEOLOGY OF 
Antero- 
Anterior | Posterior | Vertebral | Odontoid | posterior | Breadth 
Height. | Breadth.| facet. facet. canal, canal, | of trans- | of condy- 
verse | loid cup. 
process. 
inches. | inches. inches, inches. inches, inches. | inches. | inches. 
E. melitensis (Busk) ........ 3°5 (2) 25x 1:8 2-4 
(Tr. Z. 8. vol. vi. p. 238.) 
E. falconeri (Busk) .....--- 3:0 5:0! |16x0°8)|15x1:0 1:04 33 
(Tr. Z. 8. vol. vi. p. 251.) 
Plate KLE fie Utes cheats ret ig 38 62 |21x1:3)18x1:0)1:3x1:3)0-7x11} 2:3 4-2? 
Nos29723; Ri @288 2.2.0.5: 38 6:0 1:9x1:4}16x 1:5 2:0)1:0x1:3 45 
(Asiatic.) 
The three views of the atlas (PI. XIII. figs. 1, la & 6) are given chiefly with the inten- 
tion of showing the mode of insertion of a, the upper arch of the transverse process, and 
also the general contour of the lower border, and outline of the vertebral and odontoid 
canals, the same being observed in £. antiquus, also in the African Elephant, as pointed 
out by Busk in connexion with the fragments from which he established characters 
referable to his E. melitensis in contradistinction to the fragment* he has assigned to 
the E. falconeri, which, he considers, displays the peculiarities of the Asiatic. In con- 
sideration of the difference in size between fig. 1 and the fragments ascribed to E. meli- 
tensis and E. falconeri of Busk, were it not for the obstacles just stated, I should be 
inclined to attribute the discrepancies to individual differences in size, seeing that rela- 
tively there is less difference in dimensions between the extremes than obtains in indi- 
viduals of the recent and other fossil species. 
The portion of a spinal column (Pl. XI. fig. 9) was found close to the jaw and 
molars (Pl. IX. figs. 1 & 2, and Pl. II. fig. 10). Here seven of the upper dorsal verte- 
bree are included in a space of 9 inches, and present all the characters of an aged indi- 
vidual. Unfortunately they were much injured during the process of removal, from 
the very stiff stalagmitic matrix in which they were embedded, their neural arches being 
lost; the bodies, however, are fairly preserved, of which the first and fourth dorsal are 
shown (natural size) in Pl. IX. fig. 3 & 4. These and the other vertebre in Pl. XI. 
fig. 9, as compared with the far more perfect seventh cervical and middle dorsal de- 
* Are computed. 
> There is a skull of an Asiatic Elephant in the Royal College of Surgeons, London, showing the penultimate 
milk-molar nearly in full wear, with a breadth from the outer margins of each condyle almost identical with 
fig. 1. 
* Unfortunately the skull of this very young elephant has not been preserved; but, by computations made 
from the long bones, I reckon its height to have been about 4 feet at the shoulder, The atlas has the centre 
of the arch unossified, and the lower arch, with the two centres of ossification, joined by cartilage, with no 
epiphyses on the transverse processes, the vertebral foramen for vessels being incomplete. This atlas is 
slightly larger than that of the articulated skeleton in Oxford University Museum, with its third and fourth 
milk-molars in use, the height at the shoulder being nearly 4 feet. 
* Trans. Zool, Soc. vol. vi. p. 253. 
