48 MR. A. L. ADAMS ON THE OSTEOLOGY OF 
2. The largest vertebre in my collection represent the cervical (Pl. XI. fig. 7) and 
the first dorsal, shown in Pl. X. fig. 1. The upper cervical of fig. 7 is possibly the 
third, and has the body more or less perfect throughout, with the loss of every thing 
else save a portion of the transverse process. It is convex anteriorly and concave 
posteriorly, and gives the following measurements :— 
inches. 
Heéightyof body: »-. psitg, peres ies epee gedee 
Breadthwof body | 1x) ‘egies eee. TS aes 48 
Thicknessof; body: io% \ ofe! tet (sent se AR eG 
Breadth across at the transverse processes . . . . 90 
The other is somewhat larger, and may be the fourth or one of the succeeding 
vertebre of the neck; its body only is preserved, and affords about the same admea- 
surements as the last. 
The first dorsal (Pl. X. fig. 1) has only its body and the costal facets preserved. 
It shows the same characters as the above; only the posterior aspect is less concave: 
indeed, as proportions go, the three may have belonged to the same individual ; more- 
over they were found close together. 
The dimensions of the first dorsal vertebra are as follows—height 4:2 inches, breadth 
4-5 inches, thickness 1°8 inch. 
Three middle dorsal vertebre of an elephant of about the same size are shown in 
Pl. XI. fig. 8. Here the transverse processes and intervertebral substances are completely 
ossified, and show the owners to have been aged elephants. As compared with recent 
species, these cervical and dorsal vertebra equal specimens of the Asiatic Elephant in the 
Royal College of Surgeons, the Guy’s Hospital Museum, and the Army Hospital Museum 
at Netley, the heights of which skeletons vary from 6°5 to 7 feet at the withers. 
My collection displays other detached vertebre of adult elephants somewhat smaller 
than the above, with an average height of 3 inches, breadth of 3-5 inches, and thickness 
of about 1°8 inch. 
Pl. X. fig. 4 represents, possibly, a middle dorsal vertebra, showing a rather pecu- 
liar triangular-shaped body, with its rib-facets and transverse processes entire. The 
anterior costal facet is 1:7 by 1 inch, the posterior 1:7 by 1:5 inch, and thickness 1:6 
inch ; the spine is 55 inches. Supposing this to be the ninth dorsal, as it appears to be, 
it would represent an Asiatic Elephant of the height of the skeleton 2677 a, Royal 
College of Surgeons, which is computed to have been about 6 feet in height. Several 
caudal bones in the collection agree with the relative dimensions of the vertebre. 
hibs.—The two heads of ribs (Pl. X. figs. 2 & 3) well represent aged individuals. 
The former is most probably a fifth, and displays the two facets « and 6, which, as far 
as dimensions are concerned, might have articulated with the vertebre Pl. XI. fig. 8. 
The other (fig. 3), with its single circular facet, evidently belonged to a posterior 
