60 MR. A. L. ADAMS ON THE OSTEOLOGY OF 
epiphyses are completely consolidated ; moreover the solution of continuity at its upper 
extremity is through solid bone. The inner and posterior aspects of both condyles are 
somewhat abraded, so that the outer condyloid pit or fissure appears, in fig. 3a, a little 
wider than natural. Unfortunately the shaft has been too much crushed to permit of 
any reliable data being obtained. The antero-posterior length of the outer condyle 
(by tape) is 6°5 inches, and the internal 7:4; girth at the epiphysial junction a, 11-5, 
and breadth 4:2; transverse diameter of condyles 3:6. 
Summary.—A comparison between the members of A Series and the same bone of 
the African and Asiatic afford the following characters :— 
1. The saddle-shaped depression between the trochanter and head, and the length of 
the neck, in the Mammoth and Asiatic Elephant as compared with the large trochanter 
major and short intervening hollow of the African are remarkably apparent in Pl. XIV. 
fig. 1, just as the character of the intercondyloid pit and convergence of the condyles 
more resemble the African than the Asiatic’. Again, the digital pit, which is deep in 
the Asiatic and the Mammoth, is shallow in fig. 1, and also in the African. The 
condyles of the two latter also agree in being more unequal in length and having a 
narrower interspace than the Asiatic and EL. primigenius, whilst a section across the 
condyles of the Maltese specimens at the epiphysial junction displays a concave base 
and large heavy internal angle (Pl. XI. fig. 6) of the African as compared with the 
more equilateral sides of the Asiatic. 
2. Turning to the shaft, like the African our fossil has the posterior aspect of the 
shaft flat; however, the rudimentary trochanter minor on the posterior and internal 
angle is quite developed, the same being apparently wanting in the African; there is, 
moreover, a decided rudimentary third trochanter. Altogether the femur may be said 
to partake, as regards its head, of the Asiatic, whilst the trochanteric pit, shaft, and 
condyles resemble the African. 
(B Series.) With reference to the femur (Pl. XIV. figs. 3 & 3a), unfortunately there 
is little in a sufficient state of integrity to admit of accurate comparisons, excepting the 
condyles. These do not seem to differ from the large form and E. africanus; the patellar 
sulcus (fig. 3a), however, would seem to be deeper than 2a. Again, in the large form 
and also the Asiatic and Mammoth, the anterior surface, just above the condyles, is 
narrow as compared with the African; and the femur (fig. 3) suddenly deepens at the 
point , forming a digital pit and flat surface, whereas at bin fig. 2 it is shallower with a 
rounded surface. 
Young and immature Femora. 
1. The specimen shown by PI. XXI. fig. 18 represents the proximal extremity, and, 
as far as characters are concerned, seems to me an exact resemblance of the adult femur 
Plate XIV. fig. 1. 
* See these distinctions in Cuvier, Ossem. Fossil. pl. xi., and Blainyille, Osteograph. vol. iii. pl. vi., and 
British-Museum specimen 708 h, 
