THE MALTESE FOSSIL ELEPHANTS. 3 
sixth volume of these Transactions. There were, besides, reptilian remains, which have 
not yet been described. 
The Mippie Cave (No. 5) was discovered by me in 1862. It was a horizontal tunnel 
without any roof-communication, and opened on the same terrace, and was within a few 
yards distance of the Malak Cave. The parent rock was the Lower Limestone. The 
cave was packed to the roof with about sixteen feet of red soil, showing distinct bands 
of stratification and a gradual process of filling up. At various horizons (evidently 
different cave-levels) I found remains of Myorus melitensis in conjunction with teeth 
and bones of an Arvicola not apparently distinct from the Bank-Vole, besides bones of 
large birds, small frogs, and recent land-shells, the last absolutely identical with species 
now living on the islands. 
The Mnarpra Gap (No. 6) was discovered by me in 1863. It was a large opening in 
the Lower Limestone, within a few yards, and only a few feet above the level, of the 
Middle Cave. It was filled to the top with red earth and blue clay intermixed with 
masses of the calcareous sandstone, more or less rounded and waterworn, with a super- 
ficial drift of a calcareous red earth. From top to bottom, but chiefly in the deeper 
parts among the stones, were discovered portions (indeed, apparently entire skeletons) of 
Elephants, in conjunction with enormous quantities of the bones of Myoaus melitensis 
and of large aquatic birds, including the Cygnus falconeri of Parker, also fragments of 
Chelonians', with recent land-shells belonging to Helix, Clausilia, and Bulimus. 
Among the surface-deposits of the Marak Fauur (No. 7) I discovered in 1863 
remains of the largest form of Elephant, including a much mutilated skull with penul- 
timate true molars. The upper limestone of this depressed portion of the coast-line 
is covered by a surface-deposit many feet in thickness, composed of fragments of the 
parent and other rocks mingled with red soil, and indicating water-action, as if the 
scourings of the surface had been washed “ pell-mell” over the cliff on which the Malak, 
Middle, and Mnaidra remains were deposited, and formed a talus now nearly eaten 
away by the waves. 
The Gap or Beneuisa (No. 8) was found by me in 1864. It is situated in the cal- 
careous sandstone and is almost level with the sea. It is a triangular-shaped hollow 
about thirty-two feet in height, facing the sea, which is rapidly disintegrating its contents. 
Here, among blocks of the parent rock and red soil alternating with bands of pebbles 
and fine red loam, lay remains of Elephants, but more especially of the smallest 
form, which seems to have greatly predominated. The geological conditions here are 
eminently suggestive of the aqueous forces that hurried the exuvie into the gap. The 
bones and teeth of the Myorus, and bones of a large fresh-water Tortoise, and a small 
Lizard were also discovered, besides recent land-shells of species now residing on the 
island. 
The Lzonarpo Fissurz (No. 9) was discovered by me in 1864. It existed in the 
* T haye described these remains in Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. vol. xxii. p. 594. 
BQ 
