92 MR. A. L. ADAMS ON THE OSTEOLOGY OF 
Fig. 7. 
Ungual phalanx, first toe, hind foot, of the African elephant. 
Summary.—The foregoing data seem to indicate the presence of a large, intermediate, 
and very small form of Elephant, the former represented by Pl. XIX. fig. 2 and PI. 
XX. fig. 1, whilst the same bones in the smaller are shown by PI. V. fig. 4 and Pl. XX. 
fig. 2. These distinctions seem to me fairly borne out by the articular facets for the 
trapezium and internal cuneiform, irrespective of dimensions. 
But supposing even that they belong to either foot, they all represent old bones, and 
display remarkable discrepancies as to the dimensions, more especially the first-toe bones 
Pl. XX. figs. 1 & 2, and Pl. XXI. fig. 3, as compared with Pl. XIX. fig. 2. 
Second Metacarpal, second Metatarsal, and their phalanges. 
A comparison of the second metacarpal in the Mammoth, African, and Asiatic shows 
no appreciable differences. In old animals the upper surface is rather flat; but in 
younger bones it is round; the only point is, as formerly observed, that generally the 
Asiatic and Mammoth have the long bones of the feet and digits longer, more slender, 
and more symmetrical than the African. 
The second metatarsal in the latter and Mammoth has its upper surfaces rather 
more hollow and like the second metacarpus than obtains in any Asiatic I have 
examined. In all recent Elephants, and several second metatarsals of the Mammoth, 
the scar for the internal cuneiform is pronounced. There seems, moreover, as Cuvier 
points out, a decidedly larger surface for the external cuneiform in the Asiatic than in 
the African. 
The second metacarpal and second metatarsal proximal phalanges in the African are 
deeply saddle-backed at their distal extremities and relatively broader bones than those 
of the Asiatic, which have the same part even, with the obliquity of the surface out- 
wards, and a rugous scar on the inner side, where there is a hollow in the African. 
Of course the deep ginglymoid articular surface of the African produces a corresponding 
inequality on its phalanges. 
