102 MR. A. L. ADAMS ON THE OSTEOLOGY OF 
all externa! bones and exposed surfaces, there are rugosities amounting to exostosis in 
very old specimens, which, without the ossification of epiphyses, pretty well indicate 
age. It would seem, moreover, that the upper surface of the fifth metatarsal in the 
African is broad and expansive, whilst it is narrow and rounded in the Asiatic. The 
cuboidal facet, as far as 708/ B.M. is a representative of the African, shows an oval out- 
line, the same being generally circular in the Asiatic. ‘The latter peculiarities are also 
apparent on the proximal facets of the first metacarpal and metatarsal phalanges of the 
fifth toe. The first phalanx of the fifth metacarpal digit is longer and more compressed 
at midshaft in the Asiatic and Mammoth than in the African, with a well-marked 
saddle-back facet, and contraction of the sides of the shaft, the latter being even in the 
African. There is a diminutive articular surface on the inner aspect of the distal extre- 
mity in the former, whereas the latter shows a more expansive articulation which may 
have furnished a small terminal phalanx. These differences obtain more or less in the 
equivalent bone of the hind foot. However, whilst the two bones in the African are 
nearly of the same length, there isa considerable difference in this respect in the Asiatic, 
the metatarsal phalanx being conspicuously smaller than that of the fore foot; but I 
find there is no persistent distinction, some being relatively smaller than others; and, it 
may be, the same obtains in the African. The comparison, however, in the outlines of 
the first phalanx of the fore and hind foot in the African shows the latter bone assimi- 
lating to the constricted sides of the Asiatic in contradistinction to the same bone in the 
anterior extremity. Several of these points appear in the outlines, which are of the 
natural size. Thus no. 1 (fig. 9) is the first phalanx, fifth fore toe, and no. 2 is the 
first phalanx, fifth hind toe, of the Asiatic Elephant, whilst no. 3 is the first phalanx, 
fifth fore toe, of the African, the equivalent bone of the hind foot being like no. 2 of 
the Asiatic. The no. 4 is the first phalanx, fifth fore toe, of the Maltese large form. 
Fig. 9. 
