THE MALTESE FOSSIL ELEPHANTS. 113 
depth and form of the femoral cup, which may have given a. character to the head of 
the bone. Mr. Busk considers the Zebbug bone to belong to the pygmy E. falconeri; 
both represent, indeed, very small elephants of adult age. 
6. The materials referable to the Humerus and Scapula in both collections seem to 
point to three forms. The smallest humerus! is not a mature bone, and may haye apper- 
tained to a small individual of the intermediate form, which, again, by a series of humeri 
passes into the largest, which we find represented by a fragment of the upper portion of 
a humerus which might have belonged to an elephant fully 7 feet in height *, 
The smaller form* (and indeed the character seems almost general to the small 
humeri) shows a compressed head—so much so that Mr. Busk in describing the Zebbug 
specimen states “that, had it been completely detached from the rest of the bone, it 
might very readily have been regarded as fitted more for a ginglymoid than an 
enarthrodial joint.” The bicipital groove is also very wide and shallow in the inter- 
mediate form; unfortunately there are no specimens of the larger sufficiently entire 
to show how far the latter character is also common to it. 
The scapule * in any ways entire refer altogether to two small individvals, about the 
dimensions of the smallest adult humerus; their glenoid fosse have much of the outline 
of the African species, the same being narrower in the Asiatic. 
7. The bones of the Forearm are not all of adult animals. One head of a radius 5 
showing the decided gnarled aspect of a very old individual, presents much of the con- 
tour and character of the African, and is referable to the largest form. There are several 
detached distal radial, and one ulnar °, epiphyses belonging to large, intermediate, 
and small individuals—the first and the last presenting some points rather distinctive, 
irrespective of size; but the materials not belonging to full-grown, at all events aged 
individuals, it would be, perhaps, best not to rely on the characters I have pointed out. 
8. The Femur proves the existence of the intermediate and large forms’; but the 
smallest of the latter is not much larger than the former, whilst the extremes are wide 
apart. 
As to characters, we find the largest showing a pronounced similarity of the proximal’ 
extremity of the Asiatic and distal of the African, more especially in the longer neck of 
the former and more compressed condyles of the latter. As far as the characters of the 
intermediate-sized specimen have been preserved, it would appear that it does differ 
from the larger form and either recent species and also the Mammoth. At all events, 
it seems that the femur, taken in conjunction with these immature bones, indicates two 
distinct forms, viz. a large and a small Elephant. 
9, The Tidia* represents an adult Elephant; but the bone is shorter and broader 
' Trans, Zool. Soc. vi. pl. 49. fig. 26. ? Pl. XI. figs. 1-4. 
* Pl. XII. fig. 1, and Trans. Zool. Soc, vi. pl. 48. fig. 22. “ Pl. XII. figs 2 & 3. 
* Pl. X. figs. 7 & 7a. * Pl. X. fig. 6, and Pl. XIII. figs. 2 & 3; see also page 57. 
7” Pl. XIV. figs. 1, 2, 3. ®* Pl. XV. figs. 1 & 2. 
VOL. IX.—PART I. November, 1874. Q 
