134 VISCOUNT WALDEN ON THE BIRDS 
Psittacus torquatus, Gm. 8. N.i. p. 351, no. 134 (1783), ex Sonn.; Lear, Illustr. Psitt. pl. 40. 
Psittacus lowia, Cuv. Mus. Paris, Lesson, Tr. p. 204, “ Manilla,” adult (1831); Pucheran, Rev. Mag. 
Zool. 1853, p. 163; Bourjot, tom. cit. pl. 94. 
Psittacula squamo-torquata, Bourjot, Perr. pl. 97 (1837-8), ex Lear. 
Cyclopsitta loxia (Cuv.), Bp. Rev. et Mag. Zool. 1854, p. 154. 
Psittacus lunulata et loxias, O. Finsch, Monogr. Papag. ii. pp. 616, 618; v. Martens, J. f. O. 1866, 
p- 21, nos. 118, 117; G. R. Gray, Hand-list, nos. 8377, 8376. 
Psittacula lunulata, Gray, Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Psittaci, p. 72. 
Hab. Luzon, both forms (Meyer); Mindanao, both forms (Cuming). 
P. lunulatus, Scop., and P. loxia, Cuy., are treated of as two distinct species by Dr. 
O. Finsch in his admirable monograph (J. ¢.), but seemingly with some doubt, and 
chiefly on the ground that he had failed to find, among the numerous examples he 
had examined, a single individual in a transition phase,—that is, combining partly the 
distinctive characters of both. Yet as far back as 1853 Dr. Pucheran, in one of his 
valuable essays on the types contained in the Paris Museum (J. ¢.), more than suggested 
that P. loxia, Cuv., was the same bird as P. torquatus, Gm. (=P. lunulatus, Scop.). 
Cuvier’s type, it seems, did display, along with the blue collar’, a few feathers, ‘ prétes 
4 disparaitre,” with yellow crescents bordered with black. Professor Schlegel (J. ¢.) 
without hesitation unites the two species. 
From a note on the label of a Luzon example of true P. lovia, Cuy., marked thus by 
Dr. Meyer “ Psittacula lunulata (not loxtas, which is the g of lunulata),” it is to 
be inferred that Dr. Meyer considers that the two forms constitute one species. The 
mode of expression used is, of course, not accurate; for the individual thus noted is 
actually P. lovia, Cuv.; and there is evident confusion in the application of the 
masculine symbols. But the Doctor’s meaning is probably that the blue-collared bird 
is the male of the necklaced form. Of five examples, three, with blue collars, are 
marked as males; one with a lunated collar and uropygium is also marked as a male ; 
and the fifth, also with a lunated collar, as being a female. ‘This last has the crescentic 
markings on the lower back faintly indicated; the three blue-collared individuals 
do not exhibit a trace anywhere. 
From Dr. Meyer's specimens and Dr. Pucheran’s remarks on Cuvier’s type, the 
following conclusions may therefore be arrived at :—first, that the blue collar is indica- 
tive of the adult male; secondly, that young males possess the necklaced collar, and 
present crescentic markings on the lower back; thirdly, that females do wear the 
same plumage as young males. There is, however, no positive evidence to prove that 
adult females do not put on the garb of adult males, although Dr. Meyer’s somewhat 
confused note makes it likely that they do not. 
‘ Dr. Pucheran does not mention the blue collar in so many words; but he refers to the individual as 
Cuvier’s type, and that is described by Lesson (J. ¢.) as having the tour de la gorge bleu. Indeed the’ blue 
collar is the distinctive character of P, lowia, Cuv, 
