154 VISCOUNT WALDEN ON THE BIRDS 
Entomosia, Cabanis. 
44. * ENTOMOBIA GULARIS. 
Ispida madagascariensis cerulea, Briss. Orn. iv. p. 496, no. 32, “ Madagascar.” 
Alcedo smyrnensis, var. 8, Linn. 8. N. i. p. 181 (1766) ex Briss. 
Le Martin-pécheur bleu et roux, Buffon, Hist. Nat. vii. p. 182, ex Brisson. 
Grand Martin-pécheur de Madagascar, D’Aubent. Pl. Enl. 282. 
Alcedo gularis, Kuhl, Buff. & D’Aubent. Fig. Av. Col. Nom. Syst. p. 4 (1820), ex D’Aubent. 
Alcedo rufirostris, Niger, Mus. Berol.; Kittlitz, Kupfert. pt. 2, p. 10, pl. xiv. f. 2, “Luzon ” (1833). 
Halcyon gularis (Kuhl), Sharpe, Monogr. pl. 70; Walden & Layard, Ibis, 1872, p. 101. 
Hab. Luzon (mus. nostr.); Negros (L. C. Layard); Zebu (Meyer). 
Neither in D’Aubenton’s plate is the white throat represented, nor in Buffon’s de- 
scription is it alluded to. But Brisson mentions it in his accurate diagnosis, made, as 
he states, from an example obtained by Poivre in Madagascar. 
Mr. Strickland was the first author who suggested the Philippines as the probable 
only habitat of this Kingfisher (Ann. N. H. 1844, vol. xiii. p. 34). 
Dr. v. Martens includes Entomobia fusca (Bodd.), as well as this species, in his list of 
Philippine birds (tom. cit. p. 17, no. 79), and quates Meyen as his authority. Meyen 
(Noy. Act. xvi. suppl. prim. 94), however, states in decided terms that the Philippine 
species is distinct from A. smyrnensis, L.; and he adopts Illiger’s title of A. rufirostris. 
Mr. Sharpe (op. cit. pt. x. pl. 79) also includes the Philippines within the range of A. 
smyrnensis, L., but on, apparently, no better evidence than Professor Schlegel’s record 
of a Philippine specimen in the Leyden Museum (Mus. P.-Bas, Alcedines, p. 28). The 
probabilities are that the Leyden example, if really from the Philippines, belongs to 
E. gularis (Kuhl), a title treated by Professor Schlegel (/. ¢.) as a synonym of A. fusca, 
Bodd. The occurrence of Entomobia smyrnensis (Linn.)=<A. fusca, Bodd., in the 
Philippines rests upon no other evidence whatever, and certainly requires confirmation. 
45, ENTOMOBIA PILEATA. 
Martin-pécheur de la Chine, D’Aubent., Pl. Enl. 673. 
Le Martin-pécheur a coiffe noire, Buffon, Hist. Nat. vii. p. 189, “la Chine” (1780). 
Alcedo pileata, Bodd. Tabl. Pl. Enl. p. 41 (1783), ex D’Aubent.; Sharpe, Monogr. pl. 3. 
Hab. Philippines (fide Schlegel, Mus. Pays-Bas, Alcedines, p. 27). 
That this species inhabits the Philippines is not improbable; but a single example 
in the Leyden Museum, said to be from those islands, collector not named, appears to 
be the only evidence of the fact. Mr. Sharpe (/.c.) seems to take it for granted; and 
Professor Schlegel (Vog. Ned. Ind., Alced. pp. 22, 54) includes the Philippines, without 
hesitation, within the range of this Kingfisher. 
Alcedo albiventris, Scop.,=Alcedo luzonica, Gm., both founded on Sonnerat’s Martin- 
pécheur @Visle de Lugon, Voy. Nouy. Guin. p. 65, pl. 31, is a well-known African form. 
