INHABITING THE PHILIPPINE ARCHIPELAGO. . 219 
Otherwise closely allied to 7. bitorquata (Temm.), this Luzon Dove differs in having 
not merely the crown, but the whole of the head, nape, cheeks, and sides of the throat 
ash-grey, in the nuchal band being formed of pale grey feathers margined with iron 
grey, in wanting the pure white collar, in the bill being much weaker and shorter, 
and in the white terminal bands on the lateral rectrices being much narrower. 
Two Luzon examples are respectively marked male and female by Dr. Meyer, and do 
not differ. A third Luzon individual, marked a female by Dr. Meyer, has the head 
the same colour as the back, the feathers of the nuchal band smaller and almost 
entirely iron grey or black, bordered below by a bright ferruginous zone. It is pro- 
bably an immature bird. ‘The example from Negros is identical with those from 
Luzon. 
Professor Schlegel (Mus. Pays-Bas, Columba, p. 120) says that 7. dussumieri has 
been wrongly indicated as inhabiting the Indian continent and Malacca, and further 
observes that Mr. G. R. Gray gives its habitat as Luzon, while it in reality probably 
inhabits the Mariannes. The species certainly does not occur either on the Asiatic 
continent or in the Sunda Islands, but does inhabit the Philippines, whence the type 
described by Temminck originated. TZ. gaimardi, Bp. Consp. ii. p. 66, with which 
Professor Schlegel associates 7. dusswimieri, was described from Marianne specimens 
obtained by Quoy and Gaimard, and placed by them in the Paris Museum in 1811. The 
Prince, in his diagnosis, distinguished this Marianne Dove from 7’. dusswmieri, the habi- 
tat of which, however, he erroneously gave as being Malasia, Java, Sumatra, and Borneo. 
148. 'TURTUR HUMILIs. 
Columba humilis, Temm. Pl. Col. pl. 259, g nec 9, 258, 9 nee g, “ Bengale, ile de Lucon” (1824) ; 
Bp. Consp. il. p. 66, 2, “ Philippines ;” Swinhoe, P. Z.S. 1871, p. 397, no. 473. 
Hab. Luzon (Meyer); S. China to Shanghai, Formosa, Hainan (Swinhoe). 
The red Turtledove of Luzon differs from that of India (7. humilis, ap. Jerd., no. 
797) in being of a much darker red, and in having the under wing-coverts dark ash 
instead of pale ash inclining to white, and the head, uropygium, and upper tail-coverts 
much darker ash. ‘The form which inhabits China and Cambodia belongs to the Luzon, 
and not to the Indian race. 
The Indian bird will have to take the title of Turtur tranquebarica, Herm. Obs. 
Zool. p. 200, “ ex Tranquebaria” (1804), while for that of Luzon it will perhaps be best 
to retain Temminck’s title, although he does not make it quite clear whether he 
described and figured a Bengal or a Philippine individual. In 1855 Prince Bonaparte 
(Compt. Rend. x1. p. 18) maintained that individuals from Coromandel and the Philippines 
were absolutely identical. But later, 1856, after his visit to the British Museum, the 
same author observed (op. cit. xli. p. 659), ‘“ Turtur muroensis, Hodgs., de l Inde” [7. 
humilis of Indian authors], “ pouvait fort bien différer spécifiquement de Streptopelia 
humilis des Philippines.” 
