240 VISCOUNT WALDEN ON THE BIRDS 
wears the full chestnut plumage and the long black crest in winter; for I possess speci- 
mens, obtained by the late Mr. Maingay at Malacca in December, in that dress. 
Again, the Japanese, although said not to possess a black crest, does wear a long purple- 
chestnut crest; for so it is described by Temminck (/.c.); and a Nagasaki example 
(mus. nostr.) has a full chestnut-coloured crest. The only Japanese example in the 
British Museum wears the same plumage. 
The bill in all the Malaccan examples I have examined is longer and straighter than 
in that of the Nagasaki individual above referred to. 
The British Museum contains a Philippine example in chestnut plumage, with a 
black crown and flowing black crest. It is not enumerated in the Hand-list. In the 
same work, on the other hand, WV. limnophilax, Temm., is entered as a separate species 
(No. 10164), from the Philippines, but not as being represented in the Museum. 
Dr. v. Martens (J. c.) described a species of Botaurus which he had observed in the 
Military Library at Manilla, and identified it with Ardea philippensis,Gm. His short 
account agrees best with G. goisagi; for he says nothing about a black crest; and this 
negative evidence favours the hypothesis that G. melanolophus =G. goisagi. 
Ardea philippensis, Gm., is generally considered to be the same as A. undulata, 
Gm. S. N. i. p. 637, no. 54. Brisson first described the individual (Orn. v. p. 474, 
no. 38) on which Gmelin bestowed the title of A. philippensis. The type, according to 
Brisson, was sent from the Philippines to M. Aubrey. The description of the plumage, 
given in great detail, does not tally as well with G. melanolophus, or G. goisagi, as with 
the American species, while the dimensions are much too small. Buffon, also, who 
(Hist. Nat. Ois. vii. p. 395) entitled it “le petit Crabier,” mentions that it is even 
smaller than “le Blongios” (Ardetta minuta). Prince Bonaparte’s identification of A. 
philippensis, Gm., with A. wndulata, Gm. (Consp. ii. p. 138), in which he is con- 
firmed by Professor Schlegel (Mus. Pays-Bas, Ardew, p. 56), appears therefore, on the 
whole, to be well founded. In Mr. Gray’s Hand-list, no. 10154, it is treated as a 
distinct Philippine species, under the title of Zebrilus pumilus (Bodd.). 
Two species of Spoonbills were described by Sonnerat as inhabiting the island of 
Luzon, namely :— 
La Spatule blanche de Visle de Lugon, Sonn. Voy. Nouy. Guin. p. 89, pl. 51. 
Platalea alba, Scop. Del. Fl. Faun. Insubr. ii. p. 92, no. 75 (1786), ex Sonn. 
Platalea leucorodia, var. 8, Gm. 8. N. i. p. 614, ex Sonn., 
and 
La Spatule huppée de Visle de Lugon, Sonn. tom. cit. p. 90, pl. 52. 
Platalea cristata, Scop. tom. cit. p. 92, no. 76, ex Sonn. 
Platalea leucorodia, var. y, Gm. 1. c., ex Sonn. 
