328 PROF. W. K. PARKER ON AGITHOGNATHOUS BIRDS. 
In the “ Cotingide ” and ‘“‘ Tyrannide” the transpalatine process is very rudimentary, 
and also in some of the “ Formicariide” (as in Thamnophilus), also in the Australian 
Menura. In Artamus and in Elainea (Tyrannide) the process is flattening out; and 
they approach our own “ Laniide.” 
In Gymmnorhina, from the retral apex of the transpalatine process to the extremity of 
the palatine, in front, this bony bar is straight and stiff; from being obliquely com- 
pressed it becomes, further forwards, depressed, and is fast bound down to the preemax- 
illary in front (fig. 5, pr.pa); but, as in Artamus, it is quite free from the hard nasal 
floor, and is, indeed, some distance below it. 
The palatines and maxillaries are only in contact in front, where they are ankylosed 
to each other and to the premaxillaries; for the maxillo-palatine flaps (figs. 5 & 6, ma.p) 
are a good height above the strong elastic palatine bar. These processes are ankylosed 
to the inturned alinasal floor, the edge of the lower process of which fringes the antero- 
internal edge of the maxillo-palatine (n. f, 7. a. 1, map). 
The form of the maxillo-palatines is like an ear; and they are thin, sinuous, tooth- 
edged laminz, shaped like those of the Crow (PI. LV. fig. 6, ma.p), but not possessing 
the thickened inner edge which in that type borders a large air-cell. Behind these 
processes the maxillaries are developed inwards behind the angle of the premaxillaries, 
still striving to floor-in the palate. In front they are ankylosed to the premaxillaries, 
nasals, and ossified nasal sacs, and behind to the strong compressed jugal (,). 
With the exception of Pachyrhamphus (“ Cotingide ”—P1. LVII. fig. 7, e.eth), Gymno- 
rhina has the largest frontal plate to its lateral ethmoid. The antorbital is very thick 
and spongy; it has a concave outer margin, an outward lower angle, a large common 
foramen above it (as large, relatively, as in Homorus), and, as in that species, the angle 
carries a small epiphysial os uncinatum (P1. LX. fig. 8, 0. uv). As to the lacrymal, it is 
thoroughly corvine (fig. 8, 7) both in position (jammed in below the prefrontal and 
nasal) and in shape and substance. 
In short, to sum up the characters and relationships of the Piping Crow, it is a “* Noto- 
coracomorph,” an ascent from the short-billed “ Dendrocolaptide” of the western regions 
of the “ Notogzea,” a true singer, having large inferior laryngeal muscles; and it has 
a fine voice. It crops up in the great dird-tree like another and scarcely inferior 
“leader” to that formed by the Old-World Crows, Daws, and Magpies. 
Example 16. Hyloterpe sulfuriventer. 
Habitat. Celebes. Group ‘‘ Oscines;” family “ Sylviide.” 
This Malayan type (Pl. LVIII. figs. 3 & 4) strongly reminds one of the South- 
American “ Cotingide,” Pipra and Pachyrhamphus (P|. LVII. figs. 1-7); and indeed it 
seems to me to be another eastern form which has undergone further metamorphosis 
than its western relatives. It appears to be related to the “ Cotingide” 
Piping Crow is to Homorus and the Wood-Swallow to Grallaria. 
just as the 
