PROF, W. K, PARKER ON AGITHOGNATHOUS BIRDS. 529 
If this be the case, if these instances of changed forms in the Eastern “ Notogwa,” 
corresponding to unchanged (or less changed) types in the Western “ Notogzea,” can be 
shown to be common, it will go far towards the establishment of a true theory of the 
dispersion and modification of types '. 
Near this type I should place Lanius (Pl. LXI. figs. 3-6), and below it Elainea 
(“ Tyrannide ”—PI. LX. figs. 1 & 2); and I think the true order of these types upwards 
is “ Cotingide,” “ Tyrannide,” ‘“ Laniide,” and “ Sylviidee.” 
The peculiarly soft spongy character of the skull in Pachyrhamphus and Pipra is re- 
placed by a somewhat denser structure in E/ainea and Hyloterpe; but this latter differs 
much from Lanius, the skull of which is much more dense and fibrous, like that of a 
true Corvus, only on a smaller scale. So also in these the basitemporal (Pl. LVIII. 
fig. 3, 6.t, and Pl. LXI. fig. 1) region is bat-shaped, as in the “Cotingide;” and the 
strong rounded cellular parasphenoidal rostrum (pa.s), without a trace of “ basiptery- 
goid processes,” is very similar. In Hyloterpe the notch is perfect in the basifacial 
axis, and the upper or nasal part of the nasal septum is ossified. Mr. Salvin’s specimen 
does not show whether it is alate. 
The alz nasi have a bony patch on each side behind the nostril; and the large ali- 
nasal turbinals (figs. 3 & 4, a. tb) have a large patch on their inner face of an ectosteal 
character (s.ma’); it represents the anterior part of the ophidian septo-maxillary. 
This bone articulates with another shorter bony scale, the proper septo-maxillary 
(s.mx), and this with the upper edge of the front of the vomer (v). This latter bone 
has its two halves thoroughly ankylosed for the first half of its length: it-is now a 
large flattish bone with a sharp shoulder, a median and two lateral points below in 
front, and very flat gently diverging crura that are ankylosed to the palatines. The 
yomer is slightly carinate in front, that part dipping very evidently. 
The os uncinatum is very evident and very instructive (Pl. LVIII. figs. 3 & 4, 0. uv): 
it is a sharp prickle with a broad bulging base, and appears as an outgrowth of the 
inner face of the swollen ecto-ethmoid (p. p); this latter element has a‘notched outer 
margin and a common passage for the olfactory and nasal nerves, as in the low types. I 
see no trace of a lacrymal in Hyloterpe. 
The second preoral arch (fig. 3, pg, pa) may be seen at a glance to be intermediate, 
both in its primary and secondary elements, between a low Cotingine type and the high 
Corvines. The pterygoids (pg) are very similar to those of Pipra (Pl. LVII. fig. 1); 
but they have a better “ hamular process,” and are slightly arcuate. The laminate 
anterior end articulates with the leafy plate cf the palatine—its mesopterygoid region. 
The palatines (pt.pa) have strong posterior keels, a large median portion with its post- 
If not, if every zoological species has been created as it is now, and fenced in by laws that cannot be 
broken, “a hedge set about it and all that it hath,” then I trust, for the sake of true science, that this glamour 
will soon be removed from our eyes, and that we shall not be lured on further after evolutional Will-o’-the- 
wisps. 
VOL. IxX—PaRT y. December, 1875. ZY 
