PROF. W. K. PARKER ON 2GITHOGNATHOUS BIRDS. Asay 
it is one of the largest, relatively, in the whole of the “ Coracomorphe,” agreeing with 
Pachyrhamphus among the “ Cotingide” at one end of the series, and with the “ Cor- 
vide ” at the other end. 
I find no trace of a separate “os uncinatum,” nor of a process that can be certainly 
claimed as its symmorph. YetI suspect that the pedate base of the lacrymal is the real 
element disguised, as a long lacrymal in the Coracomorphe will at times have an os 
uncinatum at its outer angle—for example, in Stwrnella militaris (Icteride) and in 
Phytotoma rara. 
The pterygoids (Pl. LXI. fig. 1, pg) are very similar to those of Pipra (Pl. LVIL. 
fig. 1), but have the hamular or epipterygoid process much more developed; they 
articulate with the palatine and its borrowed mesopterygoid region. ‘The palatines 
are bevelled off behind, as in Pipra; and in like manner the broad part is a mere 
isthmus of bone, uniting the almost equal and equally pointed ethmo- and inter- 
palatines with the fore-stretching main bar. From this bar there is a jutting snag, 
outturned as in Pipra, but not denticulated: this is the very embryonic transpalatine 
(t.pa), very similar in form and proportions to that of the embryo Rook (Monthly 
Mier. Journ. Noy. 1872, pl. 35. fig. 1, pa). From thence forwards the palatine bar is 
rather broad and very flat, and at its extremity has coalesced with the preemaxillary 
(fig. 1). The palatine processes of the premaxillary (p.pa) are very distinct, as in 
embryo Crows; but the nasals, preemaxillaries, maxillaries, and jugals (1, pa, ma, J) are 
all ankylosed together. ‘The maxillo-palatine processes (72.p) have the stamp of low- 
ness upon them; they are broad-rooted decurved flaps of bone, essentially like those 
of the “ Cotingide” and ‘ Formicariide.” 
The importance of this type to the morphological zoologist will be best seen in the 
next, a more specialized and nobler form of the ‘* Coracomorphe.” 
Example 18. Lanius collurio. 
Habitat. Great Britain. Section “‘ Oscines,” Miiller; family ‘ Laniid.” 
These rapacious passerines, the Butcherbirds, come next beneath the lesser Cor- 
vide, such as the Jay (Garrulus); they are not equal to them ornithically. 
The whole structure of the skull is of a denser more fibrous bone than in the lower 
related types, and is very similar to that of the Jay. The basitemporal (Pl. LXI. fig. 3, 
}.¢) region is now a low triangle with its base behind. The rostrum of the parasphenoid 
is slender and void of outstanding basipterygoid processes behind; it is thoroughly 
blended with the overlying trabecular beam. The notch in front of these parts is per- 
fect ; and in front of the notch there is an ossified septum nasi in the adult (fig. 5, s. 7). 
Here, however, the ossification is not so intense as to mask the composition of the parts; 
for the large postero-inferior bone is separate from the anterior and upper part, which 
is not quite ossified below the large internarial fenestra (7.n. /). 
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