PROF. W. K. PARKER ON &GITHOGNATHOUS BIRDS. 335 
postpalatine keels and their ethmo-palatine scrolls (pt.pa, e.pa), likeness to the “ Formi- 
cariide ;” but the transpalatine process (#.pa) is halfway between the broad lobe of the 
Crow and the sharpened spur of the Shrikes and Wood-Swallows. The maxillo-palatines 
(m2.p) are not so delicately pedunculate as in the Thrush; and the free retral end is 
formed into a narrow air-bottle. 
The nerve-passages (fig. 8, 1 & 5) above the huge lateral ethmoid (p. p) are distinct ; 
and the lacrymal (/), like that of the Thrush, but larger, is an oval leaf of bone anky- 
losed to the descending crus of the nasal. There is no distinct os uncinatum. The 
upper part of the swollen lateral ethmoid appears free in the front of the wide frontal 
region. 
Example 21. Trichastoma celebense. 
Habitat. Celebes. Section “ Oscines,” Miiller; family ‘‘ Sylviidze.” 
This bird is only three fourths the size of the last; but it has a stouter head, and 
with its large skull and straight beak reminds the observer of the Tits, the Nuthatch, 
and the lesser Woodpeckers; but in what is essential it belongs to these other Cele- 
besian birds; and it is intermediate between a northern and a southern type. I 
should place it nearer to the Flycatchers than to our Old-World Thrushes and 
Crows. In the basal region it agrees with the last; and the nasal labyrinth in front, 
and the septum nasi, are unossified; the hinge is perfect. The vomer (Pl. LVIII. 
fig. 9, v) is similar to that of Enodes; but it has’a projecting median region, and the 
parts attached to the alinasal turbinal (a. t) are thin and scaly, and are indeed formed 
laterally of a large perforate scale-like septo-maxillary (s.ma) attached to the spiked fore 
end of the true vomer. 
The palatines (pa) are altogether more slender, and have a still more southern cha- 
racter; they come near to what I have described in the “ Formicariide” and ‘“ Co- 
tingide.” 
The postpalatine keels are sharp and deep, the inter- and ethmo-palatines well deve- 
loped; and the transpalatine is feeble, intermediate between that of Enodes and the 
more delicate triangular form seen in. Anthreptes (“ Nectariniidz,” Celebes). ‘The 
prepalatine bar is slender, the pterygdid bone is slender, arcuate, and moderately 
hooked. 
The maxillo-palatine processes (map) are almost in their full degree of typical spe- 
cialization, with long stalks bowed outwards and backwards, and with terminal pneumatic 
ladles, such as' we see in Tanagers, Buntings, and Thrushes. 
Example 22. Lalage leucopygialis. 
Habitat. Celebes. Section “ Oscines,” Miiller ; family “ Muscicapide.” 
This skull is the size of the last, being as much smaller than that of Enodes as that 
of Enodes is smaller than the skull of Dicrurus. 
It agrees with these two, and not with Trichastoma, in having a curved beak. ‘Lhis is 
