536 PROF, W. K. PARKER ON AGITHOGNATHOUS EIRDS. 
more curved than in Hyloterpe; but that genus is a natural ally of Lalage, which stands 
between it and Enodes (compare Pl. LXII. fig. 1, with Pl. LVIII. figs. 3 & 7). 
In this type there are prickly basipterygoids in front of the basitemporal lip (PI. 
LXII. fig. la, b.pg, 6.1). The pterygoids are slender, subarcuate, and with a short 
hamular process; they articulate with the deep postpalatine keels (fig. 1, pt.pa), and 
with the superadded mesopterygoid crest. The diverging vomerine crura, united to 
equally divergent ethmo-palatines, which are but little arched, show the rostrum clearly 
on the midline. The interpalatine spurs (7.pa) are well developed ; and the two lamelle, 
upper and lower, are large fore and aft. ‘They end externally in a thick edge, which 
runs backwards as a roughly gnawed transpalatine process, like that of Hyloterpe 
(Pi. LVIII. fig. 3), but better developed. ‘The prepalatine bars are slender, but ex- 
pand in front, where they are ankylosed to the premaxillaries. The broad, flattish 
vomer comes very near to that of Hyloterpe; it is subcarinate, slightly apiculate in 
front, and has moderate and rather square upper lobes, in which the septo-maxillary is 
lost. The cranio-facial hinge is perfect, and the septum nasi (s. 2) partly ossified. The 
maxillo-palatines (ma.p) are intermediate between those of Enodes and those of Tri- 
chastoma (P\. LVIII. figs. 7 & 9), and are much like those of a Thrush and of the 
Flycatcher. The first and fifth nerves are divided by a delicate rod of bone, which lies 
forwards inside the upper turbinal; the pars plana (p.p) is squarish and moderately 
thick; there is a semidistinct seed-shaped os uncinatum (0. w) attached to the angle of 
the pars plana; and the lacrymal is very small and ankylosed to the posterior crus of 
the oasal’, 
The other Celebesian species examined by me, and to be described hereafter, are two 
of them of the family “* Nectariniide,” namely Nectarophila grayi and Anthreptes malac- 
censis ; the other comes near the Tanagers, namely Prionocheilus aureolimbatus. The 
six just described are all very near akin; these are Artamus, Hyloterpe, Dicrurus, 
Enodes, Trichastoma, and Lalage. 
All these are evidently more metamorphosed offshoots of some common southern 
“ leader” of a lower type: these are ‘‘ Oscines ;” that was most probably of the section 
“ Tracheophonz.” 
The ancient non-singing passerines still abound in the American division of the 
*« Notogeea ;”” and in the Malayan region they are not extinct, as, for instance, in the 
case of Pitta, a Bornean genus closely allied to Grallaria. 
I have some Australian types to describe; but these, on the whole, come nearer to the 
Malayan forms than to the South-American. Yet, of seven genera dissected by me, two 
had the muscles of the lower larynx quite indistinct, namely Petroica and Sittella; 
these must therefore be classed as “ ‘Tracheophone.” 
! The skull of Muscicapa grisola will be treated of in the second part. 
