348 PROF. W. K. PARKER ON XGITHOGNATHOUS BIRDS. 
“ascending process,” which is due to bifurcation of the pedicle itself; it is rather ana- 
logous than homologous. 
In birds the pterygoid is single. In the Ratite it approximates in character to 
the lower Chelonian bone, being a large fibrous slab; in the Carinatz, especially the 
higher aérial types, it is most like the lacertian columella; but the true homologue of 
that bone is the ascending or epipterygoid process. This corresponds to the ‘“‘ hamular 
process of the internal pterygoid plate” of Man and the other Mammalia, and is the 
apex of the secondary pterygo-palatine arch. 
In the Lizard the pedicle of the suspensorium is quite lost in the adult, the facet or 
facets for the quadrate with the outstretched ear-sacs being formed on the “ otic pro- 
cess.” In the Chelonia the otic process, instead of being solid as in the bird, is 
hollowed out to form the large drum-cavity, the roof of which is largely formed by the 
‘“‘ tegmen tympani” and its bony roof-tile (the squamosal). 
The most instructive series of types for these comparisons would be found in this 
order, namely Menobranchus, Dactylethra, Chelone, Dromeus, Tinamus, Turnix, Pipra, 
Coccothraustes. 
Such a comparison would yield much more than a view of the procession of the forms 
of the palatine and mandibular regions; the relations of the rest of the skull would 
force themselves upon the mind of the observer. 
DESCRIPTION OF THE PLATES. 
PLATE LIV. 
Turnix rostrata (young). 
Fig. 1. Lower view of palate, x 4 diameters. 
Fig. 2. Upper view of face, x 4 diam. 
Fig. 3. First section of face, x 10 diam. 
Fig. 4. Second ditto, x 10 diam. 
1 
2 
3 
4 
Fig. 5. Third ditto, x 10 diam. 
6. Fourth ditto, x 10 diam. 
7. Fifth ditto, x 10 diam. 
8. Vomer and cartilages, lower view, x 10 diam. 
Hemipodius varius. 
Fig. 9. Lower view of palate, x 4 diam. 
Fig. 10. Upper view of face, x 4 diam. 
Fig. 11. Side view of ditto, x 4 diam. 
Fig. 12. Tympanics and quadrate, x 4 diam. 
Fig. 13. Pterygoid and mesopterygoid of young, x 14 diam. 
