22 MR. H. J. ELWES ON THE GENUS PARNASSIUS. [Jan. 19, 
as arare aberration in P. apollo, and the large ocelli on the hind wing 
are sometimes all red without white in the centre. 
The variety named P. hesebolus by Nordmann, according to Alphe- 
raky’s notes on the Butterflies of Kuldja and the Thian Shan, is 
found from the end of May to about the 7th of August, between 
3500 and 9000 feet. The difference between this form and P. apollo 
of the Alps consists in the greater size of both sexes, and the 
whiter colour of the wings in the male, whilst in the female the 
reverse is the case, so that the difference in colour between the 
sexes is greater in this variety than in the typical P. apollo. LP. hese- 
bolus appears to be the prevailing form from the Ural Mountains 
eastwards, though in the Tarbagatai Haberhauer found a form 
more like the Swiss one. In the Caucasian province the Grand 
Duke Nicholas says that “the var. hesedolus is found in the same 
places as P. apollo and many specimens show the transition from the 
type to the variety.” In the Carpathians, near Eperies, the form 
found is more like P. hesedolus ; whilst in the Jura, according to 
Meyer-Diir, the P. apollo can always be distinguished from those of 
the Alps by their duller, more yellowish ground colour of the 
wings. 
Though P. apollo is sometimes found flying at the same place and 
time as P. delius, I have never seen a specimen which could be 
certainly looked upon as a hybrid. Dr. Christ of Basle has one 
which may be such; but the antennz seemed to me to resemble 
those of P. apollo. Meyer-Diir quotes Meissner to the effect that 
a hermaphrodite of this species was taken on Oct. 10, 1816, on 
the hill of Tourbillon, near Sion in Wallis. He describes it as 
follows :— 
“The right-hand side is female, the left male; the two wings of 
the female side are longer and broader, the red ocellus larger than 
on the male side, the right antenna is also longer and stronger. 
The abdomen has ouly in the middle somewhat longer hairs. But 
what proves the hermaphroditism most remarkably is the apex of 
the body, which not only has the horny pouch peculiar to the female 
in this family, but also the male organ clearly projecting.” 
I have seen in the collection of Herr Roder, at Wiesbaden, a 
hermaphrodite of P. delius, obtained from the late Dr. Settari of 
Meran, which has the left-hand wings perfectly female, and the 
right male; the left side of the body is also less hairy than the 
right, and though there is no clearly developed pouch, there are 
indications of hermaphroditism. 
The distinguishing characters between P. apollo and P. delius are in 
typical specimens clear enough and are enumerated by Meyer-Diir 
on page 18 of his ‘ Butterflies of Switzerland ;’ but the only points 
which seem to be in all cases absolutely reliable are the hairs of the 
body and the antennz, which on comparison show well-marked 
and constant difference. 
P. DELIUS. 
Parnassius delius, Esp. pl. 115, fig. 5 (1790 ?). 
