1886. | MR. H, J. ELWES ON THE GENUS PARNASSIUS. 3] 
which Jacquemont seems to have found on some part of the Kash- 
mir territory. 
The species now under notice might very fairly be said to be the 
Himalayan representative of P. delius ; but though I cannot specify 
any structural character by which it differs from that species, yet it 
has far more general resemblance to P. actius. It differs from that 
species (which perhaps also occurs in Ladak) in the fringes of the 
wings, which in P. actius are almost always distinctly marked with 
black’ at the end of the nerves, and in the darker antenne less 
ringed with white, and the ocelli of the underside, which are much 
less ringed with black. 
I have received such a large number of specimens of this species 
from Lahoul, that Iam able to say with some certainty that the 
pouch of the female is always keeled; and though there is, as I 
show below, very great variation in specimens from one locality, yet 
I think I could say that none of those from this one locality could 
be mistaken by one who really knew the species for any other Par- 
nassius. 
After examination of a large series from Lahoul, taken between 
July 15 and Aug. 28, 1884, at various elevations between 11,500 
and 15,000 feet, I find the following principal variations :— 
As regards the ground-colour of the wings, from a pure creamy 
white to a yellowish white, only seen in very fresh specimens and 
most’ pronounced in females; the black scales in some cases almost 
covering the interspaces of the wings and giving the insect a very 
dark appearance, whilst in some others, mostly males, they are almost 
confined to the costal and basal areas and to the line of the nerves. 
Asa rule the females have a greater abundance of these black scales 
than the males. 
As regards the fringes, I find in some specimens, usually those 
least marked with red, an almost unbroken white fringe, whilst in 
others it is more or less broken by black at the ends of the veins, 
but never so distinctly alternated with black and white as in jacque- 
montt or actius ; and this is one of the best means of distinguishing 
the males from these species. 
As regards the red ocelli, they vary in number from noue to three 
on the fore wing above, of which two are near together between the 
cell and apex, and one about the middle of the space, between the 
third median nervule and the submedian nervure, and in size from a 
mere dot of a few red scales surrounded by black to an ocellus 
about 2 lines in diameter. 
On the hind wing above they vary in number from two to six, of 
which one is at the base of the costa (usually, but not always, con- 
spicuous, and sometimes quite absent), one halfway along the costa, 
and one extending from the second subcostal nervule to and beyond 
the discoidal nervule: these two are always present, and sometimes 
large and pupilled with white; one, and in females often two, at 
the anal angle, and rarely one showing through the black scales at 
the base of the cell. 
On the underside the full number of xed ocelli (namely three on 
