1886.) MR. H.J, ELWES ON THE GENUS PARNASSIUS. 13 
* Whilst the first pair were in copulation I made a sketch (as well 
as I was able) of the ‘pouch’ as it then appeared (fig. 1), a side 
view of the ‘pouch’ immediately after separation (fig. 2), a side 
view of the position of the female whilst laying her eggs (fig. 3), and 
a back view of the same (fig. 4)’. The ‘pouch,’ as then seen 
through a magnifying glass, appeared to be about 7%; of an inch 
long and not quite an eighth of an inch broad, with a very slight 
central depression the whole length, of adark green colour, and with 
very minute transverse corrugations. ‘his I found, during the time 
I was watching them, to be a membranous covering attached to 
the abdomen of the ma/e, containing a dark green fluid. This mem- 
brane entirely covered the true pouch of the female, as I observed 
that the male appeared to be able to contract it, and did several 
times, so as to expose the ‘pouch’ of the female, which was then 
quite white; and it has since occurred to me, that this exposure of 
the ‘ pouch’ might be for the purpose of hardening it a little, as 
the ‘pouches’ of the females are quite soft during copulation, but 
soon harden after separation and exposure to the atmosphere, and 
this leads me to think that this membranous covering of the male 
is the mould in which the ‘pouch’ is formed during copulation. 
One thing, however, is certain, that the ‘ pouch’ is developed entirely 
during copulation. 
“The third copulation took place on the 28th of June, and lasted 
from 10.23 a.m. till 12.48 p.m.=2 hours 25 minutes. The pouch 
was developed. These specimens were dropped into spirits of wine 
‘in cop.’; the membrane of the male then began to contract by the 
action of the spirit, but the insects did not separate. 
“The fourth copulation took place on the 28th of June, and lasted 
from 1.15 a.m. till 2.30 p.m.=1 hour 15 minutes; these specimens 
were then dropped into spirits. The ‘ pouch’ was developed; and 
I may here mention as a proof that the ‘pouch’ has nothing what- 
ever to do with oviposition, that the female of this pair laid an egg 
whilst ‘in cop.’ 
“The fifth copulation took place on the 4th of July, and after the 
insects had been in copulation 30 minutes they were put in spirit. 
The ‘ pouch’ was apparently developed. 
** The sixth copulation took place on the same day ; after being in 
copulation ¢en minutes the pair were put in a cyanide bottle and 
killed. They separated after death, but no sign of a ‘pouch’ was 
visible. These specimens were afterwards put in spirits. 
‘<The seventh copulation took place on July 6, and after the insects 
had been in copulation about three hours, I separated them forcibly. 
The ‘pouch’ of the female was quite soft, and I pressed the keel 
gently with a pin to see if the impression would remain when the 
‘pouch’ had hardened, and it has done so. I then examined the 
membrane of the male, and found that by squeezing the abdomen of 
the male, and holding up the membrane with a pin, a white opaque 
gelatinous substance issued from that part of the abdomen of the male 
where the point of the pouch of the female would be during copu- 
1 These drawings are not now published. 
