1886.] MR. P. L. SCLATER ON WILD GOATS. 315 
1. CAPRA PYRENAICA. 
Capra pyrenaica, Schinz, Neue Denkschr. d. allg. Schweiz. Ges. 
Nat. ii. p. 9, t. il., ili. (1838). 
Capra hispanica, Schimper, Compt. Rend. xxvi. p. 318 (1848). 
The Spanish Ibex is now well known to occur not only in the 
Pyrenees but, under a slightly altered phase, in Central Spain and 
in the higher ranges of Andalusia and Portugal. It is curious that 
it is more nearly allied to the Caucasian Ibex than to the Ibex of 
the Alps. 
The only specimens of this species we have yet received alive are 
those presented by Major Howard Irby in 1868 and 1869'. They 
were obtained in the Sierra Hermosura, north of Marbella, in the 
proviace of Malaga. 
2. Capra 1Bex, Linn. 
Capra ibex, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 95. 
So far as I know the Steinbok, or Bouquetin, is confined to the 
Alps of Switzerland, Savoy, and Tyrol, where it is now become 
nearly extinct, except in one or two places in which it has been 
specially cared for and artificially preserved for sporting purposes. 
Whether the pair of this species presented to us by the late King of 
Italy in 1862 were really perfectly pure was, I have always thought, a 
little doubtful ; at all events it is well known that the Alpine 
Ibex breeds freely with the Domestic Goat, and I have seen many 
such hybrids. 
3. Capra £GAGRuUS, Gm.” (Plate XXX1.) 
The Wild Goat, which was so abundant over the Grecian Archi- 
pelago in the time of Homer, seems now only to exist in Crete and 
some of the smaller Cyclades’. 
It appears, however, to be found throughout the mountains of 
Asia Minor and Persia, and to extend into Sind and Baluchistan’. 
There can be no question, I suppose, that the Domestic Goat is a 
derivative principally of this species, but with a probable mixture of 
other species in different localities. Mr. T. B. Sandwith, H.B.M. 
Consul for Crete, has sent us several examples of Wild Goats which 
must be referred to this species. 
Mr. Smit’s drawing (Plate XX XI.) represents a fine male of this 
animal, presented by Mr. Sandwith in March 1884. 
4. Capra CAucasica’. 
Capra caucasica, Gild. Act. Petrop. 1779, pt. 2, p. 273 (1783). 
Aigoceros ammon, Pallas, Zoograph. i. p. 229. 
* See ‘List of Vertebrate Animals, ed. 8, p. 153. 
* For synonymy, see Blanford, J. A. S. B. xliy. pt. ii. p. 15. 
* Antimelos and Joura. See Erhard, ‘ Fauna der Cykladen’ (Leipzig, 1858), 
p- 32, where this species is described as Afgoceros pictus. 
* Blanford, ‘Eastern Persia,’ vol. ii. p. 89. 
° The specimens called Capra caucasica in the British Museum belong either 
to Capra egagrus or to a closely allied species, with the horns compressed and 
angular in front. 
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