1886.] MR. P. L, SCLATER ON WILD GOATS. 317 
Mountains and the Ibex of the Himalayas (which is found through- 
out that range from Cashmere to Nepaul) should be referred to one 
species; but I am not aware that any one has made an exact com- 
parison of specimens from these two localities. The animal certainly 
belongs to the same group as the Ibex of the Alps and that of the 
Sinaitic peninsula. We have never yet succeeded in obtaining living 
examples of it. 
In Siberia, Radde tells us, this Ibex is found only in the Altai 
and Sagan Mountains. 
8. CAPRA FALCONERI. 
Aigoceros falconeri, Wagn. Miinch. Gel. Auz. ix. p. 430 (1839), 
Capra megaceros, Hatton, Calcutta Journ. N. H. il. p. 535, pl. xx. 
(1842); Sclater and Wolf, Zool. Sketches, ser. ii. pl. xx. 
Capra falconeri, Hiigel, Kaschmir u. d. Reich. d. Siek, iv. p. 579 
(1848); Blanford, J.A.S.B. xliv. pt. i. p. 17 (1875). 
The Markhoor, although regarded by Blyth (at one time) and 
by Gray altogether as merely a variety of the Domestic Goat, is now 
universally recognized as a most distinet species, distinguished at 
once by its long massive spirally-twisted horns, which readily sepa- 
rate it from every other known member of the genus. 
It is not found in the Himalayas proper, but extends from the 
Pir-panjal range, south of Cashmere, into Afghanistan and Gilgit 
on the one side, and the Sulemani range on the other. Colonel 
Kinloch, the most recent writer on the larger game of India, states 
that four well-marked varieties of the Markhoor are easily recog- 
nizable. To two of these—in one of which the horns have a more 
open spiral (Capra megaceros), and in the other a closer spiral 
(Capra jerdoni)—he assigns distinct specific names*. The living 
specimens we have received have belonged, I believe, to the latter 
variety. A pair of this species, presented by Major Pollock in 1866, 
bred for several years in the Gardens; but we are now, I regret to 
say, without any representative of this fine animal. 
9. CAPRA JEMLANICA. 
Capra jemlanica, Ham.-Smith, Griff. An. King. iv. p. 308. 
Capra jemlaica, Sclater and Wolf, Zool. Sketch. ser. i. pl. xxv. 
This species and the following have been separated from the true 
Goats by Dr. Gray as having ‘‘a moist naked muffle.’ But this is, 
I think, a question of degree, as there is certainly a small moist 
muffle, although not so well developed, present in some species 
of true Capra, for example in Capra sinaitica. These forms, how- 
ever, differ from the Goats in their short, thick, and much com- 
pressed horns. 
The “ Tahr,” as this species is usually called by Iudian sportsmen, 
is found on suitable ground along the whole range of the Himalayas, 
from Cashmere to Bootan. 
We received our first specimen of this fine and most distinct 
species in 1852, from Capt. Townley Parker. It was a male, and 
* Kinloch, ‘ Large Game Shooting,’ 1885, pp. 136, 142. 
