1886. ] POSITION AND CLASSIFICATION OF SPONGES, 569 
Kingdom ANIMALIA. 
I. Subkingdom PROTOZOA. 
Animals which are either unicellular, or, if multicellular, isocellular, 
without archenteron. 
II, Subkingdom METAZOA. 
Multicellular, heterocellular animals with archenteron. 
I. Grade CHXLENTERA. 
Metazoa with simple body-cavity. 
i. Phylum MesopERMALIA. 
Ceelentera with branching canal-system, and organs developed 
from cells of the mesoglcea or primary mesoderm. No movable 
appendages. 
1. Class SPONGIA. 
With the characters of the phylum. 
i. Phylum EprrHEvARIA. 
Ceelentera with czecal canal-system. The organs are developed 
from cells of the epithelia. With movable appendages. 
1. Group PotyromeEpus2&. 
Polypoid Epithelaria with cnidoblasts. 
i. Series Aphacelle. 
Polypomedusze without entodermal phacellee. 
2. Class HYDROMEDUSA. 
Aphacelle of polypoid and medusoid character. Meduse 
eycloneur, 
ii. Series Phacellote. 
Polypomedusze with entodermal phacelle. 
3. Class ACTINIARIA. 
Polypoid Phacellotz with funnel and septa. 
4, Class SCYPHOMEDUSA. 
Medusoid Phacellote developed direct or from a Scyphostoma by 
strobilation. Toponeur, 
II. Group Crenornora. 
Epithelaria with paddle-rows without enidoblasts. Centroneur. 
5. Class CTENOPHORA. 
With the characters of the group. 
II. Grade COAALOMATA. 
Metazoa with distinct gastral and ccelomic cavities. 
