1886. ] POSITION AND CLASSIFICATION OF SPONGES. 585 
Uruguaya, Carter ; Parmula, Carter ; Meyenia, Bowerbank ; Heée- 
romeyenia, Potts; Lubomirskya, Dybovsky; Lessepsia, Keller ; 
Potamolepis, Marshall. 
2. Familia Homoruaruips, Ridley and Dendy. 
Megasclera oxea or strongyla ; no differentiated microsclera except 
toxia. Marine sponges without gemmule. 
1. Subfamilia Renierine, auct. 
Spicules never completely enveloped in horny fibre. 
Halichondria, Fleming ; Petrosia, Vosmaer, =Schmidtia Balsamo 
Crivelli; Reniera, Nardo. 
2. Subfamilia Chalinine, Ridley and Dendy. 
A considerable amount of spongin present, forming distinct horny 
fibres, in which spicules are contained. 
1. Group Chalinorhaphine, Lendenfeld. 
With abundant gigantic spicules axially situated. 
Chalinorhaphis, Lendenfeld. 
2. Group Hoplochalinine, Lendenfeld. 
With abundant gigantic spicules obliquely situated, and protruding 
beyond the fibre-surface. 
Hoplochalina, Lendenfeld. 
3. Group Cacochalining, Lendenfeld. 
Irregular forms with slender spicules. 
Cacochalina, Schmidt; Cladochalina, Lendenfeld ; Chalinopora, 
Lendenfeld ; Chalinella, Lendenfeld ; Chalinopsis, Schmidt. 
4. Group Pachychalinine, Lendenfeld. 
Irregular, digitate, lamellar forms with stout spicules, oxystron- 
lus. 
Chalinissa, Leudenfeld ; Pachychalina, Schmidt; and Ceraochalina, 
Lendenfeld. 
5. Group Plakochalining, Lendenfeld. 
Frondose, lamellar forms with stout spicules. 
Plakochalina, Euplakella, and Antherochalina, Lendenfeld ; Cribro- 
chalina, Schmidt ; Tragosia, Gray ; Platychalina, Ehlers. 
6. Group Siphonochalinine, Lendenfeld. 
Tubular, pseudogaster with stout spicules. 
Spinosella,Vosmaer ; Siphonochalina, Schmidt ; Tuba, Duchassaing 
and Michelotti; ASclerochalina, Ridley; Towxochalina, Ridley ; 
Phylosiphonia, Lendenfeld; Tubulodigitus, Carter; Patulascula, 
Carter ; and Siphonella, Lendenfeld. 
7. Group Arenochalinine, Lendenfeld. 
With spicules in the connecting and sand in the main fibres. 
Arenochalina, Lendenfeld. 
