586 DR. R. VON LENDENFELD ON THE SYSTEMATIC [Dec. 21, 
8. Group Zuchalinine, Lendenfeld. 
Slender, regularly digitate forms with a fine-meshed network and 
slender spicules. 
Chalina, auctorum, and Dactylochalina, Euchalina, Euchalinopsis, 
and Chalinodendron, Lendenfeld. 
3. Familia HETERORHAPHID#, Ridley and Dendy. 
Megasclera of various forms; microsclera commonly present, but 
never chele. Marine sponges, without gemmule. 
1. Subfamilia Phlaodictyine, Carter. 
Sponge divisible into body and fistule, with a strong spicular 
rind. Megasclera oxea or strongyla; microsclera (when present) 
sigmata. 
Rhizochalina, Schmidt ; Oceanapia, Norman. 
2. Subfamilia Gelliine, Ridley and Dendy. 
Megasclera oxea or strongyla. Microsclera always present, viz. 
sigmata. No rind or fistule. 
Gellius, Gray ; Gelliodes, Ridley. 
3. Subfamilia Tedaniine, Ridley and Dendy. 
Megasclera of two forms: monactinal, styli, forming the main 
skeleton ; and diactinal, tylota. Microsclera long, hair-like trichites. 
Tedania, Gray ; Trachytedania, Ridley. 
4, Subfamilia Desmacelline, Ridley and Dendy. 
Megasclera styli to tylostyli. Microsclera sigmata or toxia, or 
both. 
Desmacella, Schmidt. 
5. Subfamilia Hamacanthine, Ridley and Dendy. 
Megasclera oxea or styli; microsclera diankistra, to which others 
may be added. 
Hamacantha, Gray ; Vomerula, Schmidt. 
4, Familia DesmMactpon1p&, Vosmaer, auct. 
Megasclera of various forms. Microsclera chele, to which others 
may be added. 
1, Subfamilia Esperelline, Ridley and Dendy. 
Fibre not echinated by laterally projecting spicules. 
Esperia, Nardo; Esperella, Vosmaer ; Esperiopsis, Carter; Cla- 
dorhiza, Sarvs; Awoniderma, Ridley and Dendy; Chondrocladia, 
Wyv. Thomson; Desmacidon, Bowerbank ; Homeodictya, Artemi- 
sina, Vosmaer; Phelloderma, Ridley and Dendy ; Sideroderma, Ridley 
and Dendy ; Iophon, Gray ; Amphilectus, Vosmaer ; Melonanchora, 
Carter; Guitarra, Carter, 
