1886.] DR. A. G. BOURNE ON INDIAN EARTHWORMS. 671 
Moniligaster has been described as being devoid of any clitellum. 
In, at any rate, one of my species the clitellum is, however, very 
well marked, so that this cannot be taken as a generic character. 
The genus is, however, sufficiently characterized by the four pores 
situated in pairs between somites vii. and vili., and x. and xi., 
respectively, by the peculiar arrangement of the generative organs, 
and by the monilated gizzard. It is often exceedingly difficult to 
determine the exact position of the gizzard, and I believe that its 
position may vary by a somite in different individuals of the same 
species; still there is no doubt that in some cases it will serve as a 
specific character—e. g. M. sapphirinaotdes and M. robustus, which 
resemble one another in most respects, differ markedly in the position 
of the gizzard. 
There is a great difference in size among the species; M. grandis 
is quite as large as Microcheta rappi, while M. minutus is one of 
the smallest of Earthworms. 
MONILIGASTER GRANDIS, sp: 1. 
There is no trace of clitellum. 
The distance between the ventral seta rows is greater than that 
between the ventral rows and the lateral rows. 
The gizzard extends through somites xvii.—xxi. inclusive. 
The septa between v.—vi., vl.—vii., Vil.—viii., and vili.ix. are very 
strong and thick, 
The septum between ix. and x. is absent. 
I obtained this worm in May and June. In May, before the 
rains, I only found it deep down: I have made coolies dig pits as 
much as 9-10 feet deep before coming upon a single worm, although 
their burrows were quite obvious; then one would suddenly come 
upon a specimen lying in a hollow which seemed to exactly fit its 
body, all rolled up together in a mass nearly the size of one’s fist, 
and upon the surface of the body, crawling about in the mucous, 
were young individuals which in one instance were less than half an 
inch long, but from larger specimens I easily determined them to be 
young Moniligasters. 1 expect that there is something very inter- 
esting about this, and probably it is connected with the absence of 
clitellum and consequently of cocoons, but it seemed to be too late 
in the year to make any further observations. 
In June at Naduvatam, after there had been some rain, I found these 
worms quite near the surface, even in some cases crawling about, but 
I never then found young ones. I never found these worms at a lower 
elevation than 6500 feet ; at Coonoor, which is just below that alti- 
tude, and much warmer than Ootacamund, I could not find a single 
specimen. 
MOoNILIGASTER UNIQUUS, Sp. 0. 
So called because for some time I had only a single specimen, but 
I subsequently found a few others. 
There is no clitellum. 
The gizzard occupies somites xv.—xix. 
The ventral seta rows are very near together, there is less distance 
