THE SHEEP. 547 
From time immemorial, the SuEEp has been subjected to the ways of mankind, and has 
provided him with meat and clothing, as well as with many articles of domestic use. The 
whole carcase of the Sheep is as useful as that of the ox, and there is not a single portion of 
its body that is not converted to some beneficial purpose. The animal as we now possess it, 
and which has diverged into 
such innumerable varieties, 
is never found in a state of 
absolute wildness, and has 
evidently derived its origin 
from some hitherto undomes- 
ticated species. In the opin- 
ion of many naturalists, the 
mouflon may lay claim to the 
parentage of our domestic 
Sheep, but other writers have 
separated the mouflons from 
the Sheep, and placed them 
in a different genus. 
In many of its habits, 
especially in its rock-climb- 
ing propensities, it bears a 
strong resemblance to the 
Goats, to which animals it is SHEEP.—Ovis aries. (Southdown.) 
closely allied. Whenever the 
flock can have access to elevated spots, they may always be seen perched upon the highest 
and most precipitous spots, and seem to take a curious pleasure in exposing themselves to the 
risk of being dashed to pieces. 
Although the Sheep is generally considered to be a timid animal, and is really so when 
forced into adverse circumstances and deprived of its wonted liberty, if is truly as bold an 
animal as can well be seen, and gives many proofs of its courage. If, for example, a traveller 
comes unexpectedly upon a flock of the little Sheep that range the mountains, they will not 
flee from his presence, but draw together into a compact body, and watch him with stern and 
unyielding gaze. Should he attempt to advance, he would be instantly assailed by the rams, 
which form the first line in such cases, and would fare but badly in the encounter. A dog, if 
it should happen to accompany the intruder, would probably be at once charged and driven 
from the spot. 
Even a single ram is no mean antagonist when he is thoroughly irritated, and his charge 
is really formidable. Sheep differ from Goats in their manner of fighting ; the latter animals 
rear themselves on their hind legs, and then plunge sideways upon their adversary, while the 
former animals hurl themselves forward, and strike their opponent with the whole weight as 
well as impetus of the body. So terribleis the shock of a ram’s charge, that it has been known 
to prostrate a bull at the first blow. Nor is the Sheep only combative when irritated by oppo- 
sition, or when danger threatens itself. A Sheep that had been led into a slaughter-house, 
has been known to turn fiercely upon the butcher as he was about to kill one of its companions, 
and to butt him severely in order to make him relinquish his grasp of its friend. 
The Sheep does not seem to be so intelligent as the Goat, and has a curious habit of always 
following the individual who happens to be the leader, even though he should rush into 
danger. A herd of sheep has jumped successively over the top of a precipice, merely because 
the leader happened to do the same thing. In the East, where the shepherds lead, not drive, 
the Sheep, they take advantage of this propensity, in managing the vast flocks over which 
they are set in charge. They have a few pet Sheep which will follow at their heels, and come 
to the musical call of the shepherd’s flute. These privileged animals act as the leaders of the 
flock, and wherever they go, the rest will follow. 
The Sheep breeds freely, producing generally one or two lambs every year, and sometimes 
