600 MANNER OF CAPTURING THE ELEPHANT. 
him with some protection for the sole of the foot, but from his extreme weight and mode of 
planting the foot, they have all been unsuccessful. His eyes are also liable to frequent inflam- 
mation. In Ceylon, the murrain among cattle is of frequent oecurrence, and carries off great 
numbers of animals, wild as well as tame. In such visitations, the Elephants suffer severely, 
not only those at liberty in the forest, but those which are carefully tended in the Govern- 
ment stables. 
‘‘On being first subjected to work, the Elephant is liable to severe and often fatal swell- 
ings of the jaws and abdomen. On the whole, there may be a question as to the prudence or 
economy of maintaining a stud of Elephants for the purposes to which they are assigned in 
Ceylon. In the rude and unopened parts of the country—where rivers are to be forded, and 
forests are only traversed by jungle paths—their labor is of value in certain contingencies, in 
the carrying of stores and in the earlier operations for the construction of fords and bridges of 
timber. But in more highly civilized districts, and wherever macadamized roads admit of the 
employment of horses and oxen for draught, I apprehend that the services of Elephants 
might, with advantage, be probably reduced, if not altogether dispensed with.”? The able 
writer then proceeds to observe that if the peculiar constitution, irritability, and expensive 
maintenance of the Elephant be taken ito consideration, the value cf its labor will be found 
to be less than that of a good draught horse. The keep of an Elephant in Ceylon costs from 
$1.50 to $1.75 per diem, and the animal can only work, on ar average, four days in each week, 
while the keep of a powerful dray horse, which works five days in the week, is only about 
60 cents per diem. 
The general disposition of the Asiatic Elephant is gentle, but there are always some stray 
individuals that are not admitted into any herd, but Hive in solitary moodiness, and are termed ° 
‘rogues,’ from their irritable temper. So gentle, indeed, is their nature, that even when 
most irritated by wounds, they literaliy do not know how to kill their foe, even if he is lying at 
their mercy, and there are many instances where hunters:who have been chased and struck down 
by these animals, have escaped without suffermg any sericus damage. The tusks are seldom 
employed as offensive weapons, and the Elephant has but little idea of directing them towards 
an adversary. A momentary pressure of the foot, ov a blow with the tusk, would in any case 
be sufficient to cause death, but the animal seems to be scarcely aware of its own power, and 
often contents itself with kicking its prostrate foe from foot to foot, hustling him between the 
fore and hinder limbs in a very unpleasant manner. <A little Indian Elephant, that had been 
much worried by wild boars, was accustomed to defeat them by receiving their charge, and 
then knocking them about from foot te foot until they were effectually disabled. 
There are two modes of capturing the Asiatic Elephant, the one by pursuing solitary indi- 
viduals and binding them with ropes as they wander at will through the forests, and the other 
by driving a herd of Elephants into a previously prepared pound, and securing the entrance so 
as to prevent their escape. 
In the former method, the hunters are sided by certain trained females, termed ‘‘koom- 
kies,”’ which enter into the spirit of the chase with wonderful animation, and help their riders 
in every possible manner. When the koomkies see a fine male Elephant, they advance care- 
lessly towards him, plucking leaves and grass, as if they were perfectly indifferent to his 
presence. jie soon becomes attracted to them, when they overwhelm him with endearing 
feminine blandishments, and occupy his attention so fully that he does not observe the pro- 
ceedings of the “‘mahouts,” or riders. These men, seeing the Elephant engaged with the 
‘““koomkies,”’ slip quietly to the ground, and attach their rope nooses to his legs, fastening the 
ends of the cords to some neighboring tree. Should no suitable tree be at hand, the koomkies 
are sagacious enough to comprehend the dilemma, and to urge their victim towards some large 
tree which is sufficiently strong te withstand his struggles. As soon as the preparations are 
complete, the mahouts give the word of command to the koomkies, who move away, leaving 
the captive Elephant to his fate. 
Finding himself deserted and bound, he becomes mad with rage, and struggles with 
all his foree to get free. In these furious efforts, the Elephant displays a flexibility and 
activity of body that are quite surprising, and are by no means in accordance with the clumsy, 
